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more than one miniature till about 1868, when her practice increased, and later she sent one or two portraits in oil. She ex- hibited miniatures till the year of her death, and was one of the few who con- tinued that failing branch of art. She died at Kensington on the 5th October, 1875, aged 56.
CHATELAINE, Johit Baptistb Claude, draftsman and engraver. Was born in London, of French Protestant parents, in 1710. His real name was Phillippe — the name of Chatelaine as- sumed. He held a commission in the French army, and served a campaign in Flanders. He then tried art, and became an eminent draftsman and. engraver. . His drawings were chiefly from nature, sketched with great spirit, either in black chalk or with pen and ink slightly washed. He engraved landscapes with great free- dom, many from his own designs, some after Gaspar Poussin and Marco RiccL He used to work for Vivares, and was em- ployed by Alderman Boydell ; but he only worked when impelled by necessity, and it was his custom to hire himself by the hour, working as long as the fit lasted, and bar- gaining for instant payment ; when he had earned a guinea he would spend half upon a dinner. He lived in an old house, near Chelsea, that had belonged to Oliver Crom- well, which he took from having dreamt he should find there a hidden treasure, and spent much time in idle attempts to discover it. It is much to be regretted that his great talents were obscured by his depraved manners and irregularities. He was famed for his etchings. Fifty views by him of churches and other buildings in the environs of London, which he had de- voted four years to making the sketches for, were published. He died at the White Bear Inn, Piccadilly, in 1771, after eating a too hearty supper. His friends raised a subscription to defray the cost of his funeral Pussieux, in his ' Artistes Fran- chises a PEtranger/ says that he was born and died in Paris.
CHATFIELD, Edward, ©orfcm* paint- er. He was of a respectable family, and was placed as a pupil under B. R. Haydon. He tried portraiture, and was an exhibitor of portraits at the Royal Academy, com- mencing in 1827. He also tried a ' Death of Locke,' 1833 ; * The Battle of Killie- crankie: two Highlanders stripped to Fight/ 1836; and in 1837, ' Ophelia.' But he had not powers equal to such works, and did not do justice to the talent he really possessed. He died January 21, 1839, aged 36. He wrote some able papers for 4 Blackwood ' and the * New Monthly ' magazines.
CHEERE, Sir Henry, Bart., sculptor. Be was a pupil of Scheemakers, and prac-
tised about the middle of the 18th century He was in 1755 a member of the Artists' Committee which in that year attempted to found a Royal Academy : and in 1757 he offered to the Society of Arts a plan of his own for that object. In 1770 he lived in Piccadilly, where he manufactured the leaden figures then used for [garden decor- ation. The bronze busts of the eminent Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford, and the large statue of the founder, are by him, as is also the equestrian figure of the Duke of Cumberland in Cavendish Square. In 1798 he was an honorary exhibitor at the Royal Academy of a drawing from nature. He was knighted in 1760, and created a baronet in 1766. He died at an advanced age in 1781.
CHESSMAN, Thomas, engraver and draftsman. Born in 1760, was placed under Bartolozzi, R.A., and was esteemed one of his best pupils. He engraved in the dot manner, and practised about the end of the 18th century. He was an exhibitor of drawings at the Royal Academy. He contributed in 1802, ^Plenty;' in 1803, ' Spring ana Summer ;' in 1805, ' Erminia ; ' in 1806, a portrait ; in 1807, 'Nymphs Bath- ing ; ' followed by an occasional portrait up to 1820, when he exhibited for the last time. Among his engraved works may be mentioned — a portrait of General Wash- ington, printed in colours; 'The Two Apostles,' after Giotto ; some subjects after Romney; and 'The Lady's last Stake,' after Hogarth.
CHENEY, Bartholomew, modeller. He was employed by Sir Robert Taylor towards the middle of the 18th century. Among other works, the figures of Fame and Britannia, for Captain Cornwall's monument in Westminster Abbey, were modelled and carved by him.
CHENU, Peter Francis, sculptor. He studied in the schools of the Royal Aca- demv, and in 1786 gained the gold medal for 'An attempt to perfect the Torso. 1 He first exhibited at the Academy, in 1788, ' Mercury iiistructing Cupid ; ' ana in 1790, 'Genius Weeping ; ' but in succeeding years, whether from inability or want of mean?, he exhibited at intervals only, and his works did not rise above those of a decor- ative class— designs to support lights, can- delabra, and such, but usually embodying the figure. In 1822, returning to his early art, he sent a ' Model of Time for a Monu- ment,' his last exhibited work.
CELERON, Louis, designer. Born in Paris, 1660. He was the son of an enamel painter. After studying in Italy, he came to England, on account of his religion, in 1695, and was employed in the decoration of Boughton, Burleigh, and Chatsworth. His work was not, however, much esteemed, and he tried small subjects in history, and \ " 81
