Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/167

AMP II I DAM AS. avdpwv, Athen. xiii. p. 570'; Diog. Laert. ii. 101), is uncertain. [L. S,] AMPIirCRATES, a Greek sculptor, probably of Athens, since he was the maker of a statue which the Athenians erected in honour of a cour- tezan, who having learnt from Ilarmodius and Aristogeiton their conspiracy against Hippias and Jlippaichus, was tortured to death by the tyrants, without disclosing the secret. Her name was Leana (a Uuness) : and the Athenians, unwilling openly to honour a courtezan, had the statue made in the form of a liu7iess; and, to point out the act which it was meant to commemorate, the animal's tongue was omitted. We know nothing of the sculptor's age, unless we may infer from the narra- tive that the statue was made soon after the expul- sion of the Peisistnitidae. (b. c. 510.) In the passage of Pliny, which is our sole authorit}' (xxxiv. 19. § 12), there is a manifest corruption of the text, and the reading Amphicratis is only a conjecture, though a most probable one, by Sillig. {Catu/oifus Artijicum^ s. v.) [P. S.] AMPHICTYON {'AficpiKrvwu), a son of Deu- calion and Pyrrha (ApoUod. i. 7. § 2), or according to others an autochthon, who after having married Cranae, the daughter of Cranaus, king of Attica, expelled his father-in-law from his kingdom and usurped his throne. He ruled for twelve years, and was then in turn expelled by Erichthonius. (Apollod. iii. 14. § 5, &c.; Pans. i. 2. § 5.) Ac- cording to Eustathius {ad Horn. p. 277), he was married to Chthonopatra, by whom he had a son, Physcus, the father of Locrus. According to Stephanus Byzantius (s. v. <^vcrKos), however, Aetolus was a son and Physcus a grandson of Amphictyon. He was believed to have been the first who introduced the custom of mixing wine with water, and to have dedicated two altars to Dionysus Orthos and the nymphs. (Eustath. ad Horn. p. 1815.) Dionysius of Halicarnassus (iv. 25), who calls him a son of Hellen, Pausanias (x. 8. § 1), and others, regard Amphictyon as the founder of the araphictyony of Thermopylae, and in consequence of this belief a sanctuary' of Am- phictyon was built in the village of Anthela on the Asopus, which was the most ancient place of meeting of this amphictyony. (Herod, vii. 200.) But this belief is without any foundation, and arose from the ancients assigning the establishment of their institutions to some mythical hero. (Did. o/Ant. s. V. Amph/dions.) [L. S.] AMPHICTY'ONIS {'AfxcpiKrvovls), a surname of Denieter, derived from Anthela, where she was worshipped under this name, because it was the place of meeting for the amphictyons of Thermo- pylae, and because sacrifices were oifered to her at tiie opening of every meeting, (Herod, vii. 200 ; Strab. ix. p. 429.) [L. S.] AMPHl'DAMAS {'AfxcpiSdiuas). 1. A son of Eycurgus and Cleophile, and father of Antimache, ^^ ho married Eurystheus. (Apollod. iii. 9. §2.) According to Pausanias (viii. 4. § 6) and Apollo- nius Rhodius (i. 163) he was a son of Aleus, and '•onsequently a brother of Lycurgus, Cepheus, and Auge, and took part in the expedition of the Ai-gonauts. (Hygin. Fab. 14.) 2. A king of Chalcis in Euboea, after whose deatli his sons celebrated funeral games, in which Hesiod won the prize in a poetiaxl contest. It consisted of a golden tripod, which he dedicated to the Muses of Helicon. (Hes. Op. el D. 654, &c.) AMPHILOCHUS. 149 3. The father of Clysonymus, whom Patroclus killed when yet a child. (Hom. //. xxiii. 87 ; Apollod. iii. 13. § 8.) Other mythical personages of this name occur in Apollod. ii. 5. § 11 ; Hygin. Fob. 14 ; Hom. II. x. 266, &c. [L. S.] AMPHl'DAMAS or AMPHI'DAMUS ('A/*- (f.iSdiJ.as, 'Aju</>j5o/tos), general of the Eleans in B. c. 218, was taken prisoner by Philip, king of Macedonia, and carried to Olympia, but was set at liberty on his undertaking to bring over his coun- trymen to Philip's side. But not succeeding in his attempt, he went back to Philip, and is spoken of as defending Aratus against the charges of Apelles. (Polyb. iv. 75, 84, 86.) AMPHI'DICUS {'AfKpiSiKos), a Theban who, in the war of the Seven against his native city, slew Parthenopaeus. (Apollod. iii. 6. § 8.) Ac- cording to Euripides {Phoen. 1156), however, it was Periclymenus who killed Parthenopaeus. Pausanias (ix. 18. § 4) calls him Asphodicus, whence some critics wish to introduce the same name in Apollodorus. [L. S.] AMPHI'ETES or AMPHIE'TERUS ('A/*- <^teT77s), a surname of Dionysus. (Orph. Hymn. 52. 1, 51. 10.) It is believed that at Athens, where the Dionysic'ic festivals were held annually, the name signified yearly, while at Thebes, where they were celebrated every third year, it was in- terpretated to be synonymous with rpterrfs. [L.S."! AMPHIGYEEIS i^ A^Kpiyvn^is), lame or limp- ing on both feet, a surname of Hephaestus, given him because Zeus threw him from Olympus upon the earth for having wished to support Hera. (Hom. //. i. 599; corap. Apollod. i. 3. § 5.) [Hephaestus.] [L. S.] AMPHl'LOCHUS ('AncpiXoxos), a son of Amphiaraus and Eriphyle, and brother of Alc- maeon. (Apollod. iii. 7. § 2 ; Hom. Od. xv. 248.) When his father went against Thebes, Amphi- lochus was, according to Pausanias (v. 17. § 4), yet an infant, although ten years afterwards he is mentioned as one of the Epigoni, and according to some traditions assisted his brother in the murder of his mother. [Alcaiaeon.] He is also men- tioned among the suitors of Helen, and as having taken part in the Trojan war. On the return from this expedition he together with Mopsus, who was like himself a seer, founded the town of Mallos in Cilicia. Hence he proceeded to his native place, Argos. But as he was not satisfied with the state of afihirs there, he returned to Mallos. When Mopsus refused to allow him any share in the government of their common colony, the two seers fought a single combat in which both were killed. This combat was described by some as having arisen out of a dispute about their pro- phetic powers. Their tombs, which were placed in such a manner that the one could not be seen from the other, existed as late as the time of Strabo, near mount Margasa, not far from Pyra- mus. (Strab. xiv. p. 675 ; Lycophron, 439, with the Schol.) According to other traditions (Strab. xiv. p. 642), Amphilochus and Odchas, on their return from Troy, went on foot to the celebrated grove of the Clarian Apollo near Colophon. In some accounts he was said to have been killed by Apollo. (Hes. ap. Utrab. xiv. p. 676.) According to Thucydides (ii. 68) Amphilochus returned from Troy to Argos, but being dissatisfied there, he emigrated and founded Argos Amphilochium on the Ambracian gulf. Other accounts, liowever,