Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/550

532 CAELIOMONTANUS. be invited to become their general, and according to another account he himself carried to Camillus the decree of the senate appointing him to the com- mand. (Liv. V. 45, 46 ; Appian, Cklt. 5.) 3. C. Caedicius, one of the legates of the con- sul L. Papirius Cursor, commanded the cavalry in the great battle with the Samnites in b. c. 293. (Liv. X. 40.) 4. Q. Caedicius Q. p. Q. n., consul b. c. 256, died in his consulship, and was succeeded in the office by M. Atilius Regulus. (Fast. Capit.) CAE'DICUS, two mythical personages in Vir- gil's Aeneid (ix. 360, x. 747). [L. S.] CABLES or CAE'LIUS VIBENNA, the leader of an Etruscan army, who is said to have come to Rome at the invitation of one of the early Roman kings, and to have settled with his troops on the hill called after him the Caelian. In whose reign however he came, was differently stated, as Tacitus observes. {Ann. iv. Go.) Tacitus himself places his arrival at Rome in the reign of Tarqui- nius Priscus, and this is in accordance with a mutilated passage of Festus (s. v. Tuscum vicuni), in which, moreover, Caeles and Vibenna are spoken of as brothers. Festus, however, in another pas- sage {s. V. Cadius Afons), Dionysius (ii. 36), and Varro {L. L. v. 46, ed. Mliller), state that Caeles came to Rome in the age of Romulus to assist him against the Sabines. The Etruscan story, which is preserved in the speech of the emperor Claudius, of which considerable fragments were discovered at Lyons, differs considerably from the preceding ones. According to the Etruscan account, Servius Tullius, afterwards king of Rome, was originally a follower of Caeles Vivenna, whose fortunes he shared, and that afterwards overcome by a multi- tude of disasters he migrated to Rome with the remains of the army of Caeles, and occupied the Caelian hill, which, he called after the name of his former commander. It is probable that these dif- ferent accounts refer to two distinct Etruscan migrations to Rome, and that Caeles Vibenna is thus represented as the leader of each. (Niebuhr, Hist, of Rome^ vol. i. p. 381, &c.; Mliller, J5^/n«f^r, Tol. i. p. 116, &c.) CAELESTI'NUS, an historian of the Empire referred to by Trebellius PoUio in the biography of the younger Valerian. We know nothing more abotit him. [W. R.] CAE'LIA or COE'LIA, the third wife of the dictator Sulla, whom he divorced on account of barrenness. (Plut. Snll. 6.) CAE'LIA or COE'LIA GENS, plebeian. In maimscripts the name is usually written Caelius, while on coins it generally occurs in the form of Coelius or Coilius, though we find on one coin L. Oaeliiis Tax. (Eekhel, v. pp. 156, 175.) From the similarity of the names, Caelius is frequently confounded with Caecilius. The gens traced its origin to the Etruscan leader, Caeles Vibenna, in the time of the Roman kings, but no members of it obtained the higher offices of the state till the beginning of the first century b. c. : the first who obtained the consulship was C. Caelius Caldus in B. c. 94. There were only two family-names in this gens, Caldus and Rufus : the other cognomens are personal surnames, chiefly of freedmen. For those without a surname see Caelius. CAELIOMONTA'NUS (not Co«liomontanus), the name of a family of the Virginia gens. Almost all the members of this gens had the surname Tri- CAELIUS. costus, and the name of Caeliomontanus was un- doubtedly given to the family dwelling on the Caelian hill, to distinguish it from others of the same gens. 1. T. ViRGiNius Tricostus Caeliomontanus, consul B. c. 496 with A. Postumius Albus Regil- lensis, in which year, according to some annalists, the battle at the lake Regillus was fought. Ac- cording to the same accounts, Postumius resigned the consulship because he suspected his colleague, and was afterwards made dictator. The battle, however, is usually placed two years earlier. [ Al- BiNus, No. 1.] (Liv. ii. 21; Dionys. vi. 2.) 2. A. ViRGiNius A. F. Tricostus Caeliomon- tanus, called by Dionysius A.Virginius Moiitunus^ consul B. c. 494, the year in which the plebs seceded to the Sacred Mountain.' Previous to the secession he had marched against the Volsci, whom he had defeated in battle, and had taken one of their chief towns, Velitrae. He is mentioned by Dionysius as one of the ten envoys sent by the senate to treat with the plebs. (Liv. ii. 28 — 30; Dion vs. vj. 3*, 42, 69 ; Ascon. in Cornel, p. 76, ed.Orelli.) 3. A. ViRGiNius A. F, A. N. Tricostus Cae- liomontanus, son of No. 2, consul in 469, marched against the Aequi, whom he eventually defeated through the valour of his soldiers, though his army was nearly destroyed in consequence of his own negligence. (Liv. ii. 63 ; Dionys. ix. bQ ; Diod. xi. 70.) 4. Sp. ViRGiNius A. p. A. N. Tricostus Cae- liomontanus, son of No. 2, consul b. c. 456, in whose consulship the ludi saeculares are said to have been celebrated the second time. (Liv. iii. 31 ; Dionys. x. 31 ; Diod. xii. 4; Censor, de Die Nat. 17.) 5. T. ViRGiNius T. f. Tricostus Caeliomon- tanus, consul B. c. 448. (Liv. iii. 65 ; Dionys. xi. 51 ; Diod. xii. 27.) CAE'LIUS or COE'LIUS. 1. M. Caelius, tribune of the plebs in the time of M. Cato, the censor, whom Cato attacked in a speech, in which among other hard things he said, that Caelius would speak or hold his tongue for a piece of bread. (Gell. i. 15.) 2. L. Caelius, commanded as legate in Illyri- cum in the war against Perseus, B. c. 169, and was defeated in an attempt which he made to ob- tain possession of Uscana in the country of the Penestae, a town which was garrisoned by the Macedonians. (Liv. xliii. 21.) 3. P. Caelius, was placed in the command of Placentia by the consul Cn. Octavius, B. c. 87, and when the town was taken by Cinna's anny, he caused himself to be put to death by L. Petronius, that he might not fall into the hands of the Marian party. (Val. Max, iv. 7. § 5.) 4. P. Caelius, perhaps a son of the preceding, praetor with Verres, B. c. 74. (Cic. c. Verr. i. 50.) 5. M. Caelius, a Roman knight, from whom Verres took away, at Lilybaeura, several silver vases. (Cic. Verr. iv. 47.) As Cicero says that this Caelius was still young at this time, b. c. 7 1 , he may be the same M. Caelius who is mentioned in the oration for Flaccus, B. c. 5Q. (Cic. pro Flacc. 4.) 6. C. Caelius, tribtine of the plebs, B. c. 51, put his veto with several of his colleagues upon the decrees of the senate directed against Caesar (Gael. ap. Cic. ad Fam. viii. 8.)