Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 2.djvu/237

GALLUS. preceding article. This identity had been pre- viously asserted by Bertrandus and Bach, but must be rejected by those who suppose that Varro cites Aelius Gallus the jurist. (Maiansius, I. c. ; Neuber, Die juiistische Klassiker, p. 7*2 — 75 ; Zim- mem, R. R. G. vol. i. <$ 81.) [J. T. G.] GALLUS, AE'LIUS, an ancient writer on pharmacy, frequently quoted by Galen. He is probably the person sometimes called simply Aelius (Gal. De Compos. Aledicam. sec. Loc. iv. 7, vol. xii. p. 730), sometimes Gallus {ibid. iii. 1, iv. 8, vol. xii. p. 625, 784), and sometimes by both names {De Antid. ii. 1, vol, xiv. p. 114). In one passage {De Compos. Medicam. sec. Gen. vi. 6, vol. xiii. p. 885) TaMos Alios is apparently a mis- take for TaAAos A'iKios. He is quoted by Ascle- piades Pharmacion (apud Gal. De Compos, Medi- cam. sec. Loc. iv. 7. vol. xii. p. 730), and Andro- machus (apud. Gal. ibid. iii. 1, vol. xii. p. 625), and must have lived in the first century after Christ, as he is said to have prepared an antidote for one of the emperors, which was also used by Charmis, who lived in the reign of Nero, a. D. 54 —68. (Gal. De Antid. ii. 1, vol. xiv. p. 114.) HaWer {Biblioth. Medic. Pract. and Biblioth. Botan.) supposes that there were two physicians of the name of Aelius Gallus ; but this conjecture, in the writer's opinion, is not proved to be correct, nor does it seem to be required. Besides this Gallus, there is another physician of the name, M. Gallus, whois sometimes said to have had the cognomen Asclepiades ; but this appears to be a mistake, as, in the only passage where he is mentioned (Gal. De Compos. Medicam. sec. Loc. viii. 5, vol. xiii. p. 179), instead of YdWov Mdpicov rov AaKXTjiridSov, we should probably read TdWov MdpKov Tov 'Acr/cATjTr/aSeiou, i. e. the follower of Asclepiades of Bithynia. [ W. A. G.] GALLUS, ANI'CIUS. 1. L. Amcius, L. F. M. N. Gallus, was praetor in b. c. 168, and conducted the war against Gentius, king of the Illyrians, who had formed an alliance with Per- seus of Macedonia against the Romans. L. Ani- cius Gallus was stationed at Apollonia, and on hearing what was going on in lUyricum, he re- solved to join App. Claudius, who was encamped on the banks of the river Genusus, to co-operate with him against the Illyrians ; but as he was soon after informed that Illyrian pirates had been sent out to ravage the coasts of Dyrrhachium and Apollonia, Anicius Gallus sailed out with the Roman fleet stationed at Apollonia, took some of the enemy's ships, and compelled the rest to return to Illyricum. He then hastened to join App. Claudius, to relieve the Bassanitae, who were be- sieged by Gentius. The news of the arrival of Anicius Gallus frightened the king so much, that he raised the siege, and withdrew to his strongly- fortified capital of Scodra, and a great part of his army siirrendered to the Romans. The clemency of the Roman praetor led the towns to follow the example of the soldiers, and Gallus thus advanced towards Scodra. Gentius left the place to meet his enemy in the open field ; but the courage thus displayed did not last, for he was soon put to flight, and upwards of 200 men being killed in hurrying back through the gates, the king, ter- rified in the highest degree, immediately sent the noblest Illyrians as ambassadors to Anicius Gallus to beg for a truce of three days, that he might have time to consider what was to be done. This re- GALLUS. 223 quest was granted. Gentius hoped in the nifcan- time to receive reinforcements from his brother Caravantius, but being disappointed, he himself came into the Roman camp, and surrendered in a most humble manner. Anicius Gallus now entered Scodra, where he first of all liberated the Roman prisoners, and sent Perperna, one of them, to Rome, with the intelligence of the complete re- duction of Gentius. The whole campaign had not lasted more than thirty days. The Roman senate decreed public thanksgivings for three days, and Anicius Gallus, on his return to Rome, celebrated a triumph over Gentius. In b. c. 155 he Avas one of the ambassadors sent to call Prusias to account for his conduct towards Attains. (Liv. xliv. 17, 30, 31, xiv. 3, 26, 43 ; Polyb. xxx. 13, xxxii. 21, xxxiii. 6 ; Appian, lUyr. 9.) 2. L. Anicius, L. f. L. n. Gallus, was consul in B.C. 160, the year in which the Adelphi of Terence was brought out at the funeral games of M. Aemilius Paullus. {Didascal.ad Terent.Ade/ph.; Fasti.) [L. S.] GALLUS, A'NNIUS, a Roman general un- der the emperor Otlio in his expedition against the troops of Vitellius, in a. d. 69. He was sent out b}' Otho to occupy the banks of the Po; and when Caecina laid siege to Placentia, Annius Gallus hastened with a detachment of his army to the relief of the place. When Otho assembled his council, to decide upon the mode of acting, Eallus advised him to defer engaging in any decisive battle. After the defeat of Otho's army in the battle of Bedriacum, Annius Gallus pacified the enraged Othonians. In the reign of Vespasian he was sent to Germany against Civilis. (Tac. Hist. i. 87, ii. 11, 23, 33, 44, iv. 68, v. 19 ; Plut. Otho 5,8,13.) [L. S.] GALLUS, ANTI'PATER,a Roman historian, who lived about the time of the so-called Thirty Tyrants, and is censured by Trebellius Pollio {Claud. 5) for his servile flattery towards Aureo- lus ; but no further particulars are known, and his work is lost, with the exception of a few words quoted by Trebellius Pollio (/. c). [L. S.] GALLUS, C. AQUI'LLIUS, one of the most distinguished of the early Roman jurists — those '•'• veteres' — who flourished before the time of the empire. Born of an ancient and noble plebeian family, he applied himself to the study of the law, under the auspices of Q. Mucius P. f. Scaevola, the pontifex maxinnis, who was the greatest jurist of the day. Of all the pupils of Q. Mucius, he at- tained the greatest authority among the people, to whom, without regard to his own ease, he was always accessible, and ready to give advice. For deep and sound learning, perhaps some of his fellow-pupils, as Lucilius Balbus, Papirius, and C. Juventius, may have had equal or greater reputJition among the members of their own pro- fession ; but they did not, like Gallus, exercise much influence on the progress of their art. He was an eques and senator. At the end of the year B. c. 67 he was elected praetor along with Cicero, and, in the discharge of his office, greatly signalised himself by legal reforms, of which we shall pre- sently take notice. During his praetorship he presided in quaestiones de ambitu, while the ju- risdiction in cases de pecuniis repetundis was as- signed to his colleague. (Cic. pro Cluent. 54.) He never aspired to the consulship, for he was prudent and unambitious, or rather, his ambition was salis-