quoted also by other ancient medical writers, and he may perhaps be the physician mentioned by Martial {Epigr. vi. 78. 3). See C. G. Kuhn, Additam. ad Elench. Medic. Vet. a J. A. Fabric. in Bibl. Graeca " exUhitum. [W. A. G.]
HE′RCULES. [Heracles.]
HERCU′LIUS ('EpKovXios)^ praefectns prae-
torio lUyrici, A. D. 408 — 412, is probably the
Herculius to whom one of the^letters of Chrysostom
is addressed. It is in answer to a letter from
Herculius to Chrysostom, and expresses Chrysos-
tom's appreciation of the affection of Herculius for
him, which was " known by all the city," i. e. of
Constantinople. The letter was written during
Chrysostom's exile, a.d. 404 — 407. (Chrysostom,
Opera, vol. iii. p. 859, ed. Paris, 1834, &c.; Cod.
Theod. 11. tit. 17. § 4; tit. 22. § 5; 12. tit. 1. §
172; 15. tit. 1. §49.) [J.C. M.]
HERCU′LIUS MAXIMIA′NUS. [Maxi-
MIANUS.]
HERCYNA ("EpKum), a divinity of the lower
world, respecting whom the following tradition is
related. She was a daughter of Trophonius, and
once while she was playing with Cora, the daughter
of Demeter in the grove of Trophonius, near Leba-
deia in Boeotia, she let a goose fly away, which she
carried in her hand. The bird flew into a cave,
and concealed itself under a block of stone. When
Cora pulled the bird forth from its hiding place, a
well gushed forth from under the stone, which was
called Hercyna. On the bank of the rivulet a
temple was afterwards erected, with the statue of
a maiden carrying a goose in her hand; and in the
cave there were two statues with staves surrounded
by serpents, Trophonius and Hercyna, resembling
the statues of Asclepius and Hygeia. (Pans. ix.
39. § 2.) Hercyna founded the worship of Deme-
ter at Lebadeia, who hence received the surname of
Hercyna. (Lycoph. 153, with the note of Tzetzes.)
Hercyna was worshipped at Lebadeia in common
with Zeus, and sacrifices were offered to both in
common. (Li v. xlv. 27.) [L. S.]
HERDO′NIUS, AP′PIUS, a Sabine chieftain,
who, in B. c. 460, during the disturbances that
preceded the Terentilian law at Rome, with a band
of outlaws and slaves, made himself master of the
capitol. The enterprise was so well planned and
conducted, that the first intimation of it to the
people of Rome was the war-shout and ti^umpets of
the invaders from the summit of the capitoline hill.
Herdonius was most probably in league with a
section of the patrician party, and especially with
the Fabian house, one of whose members, Kaeso
Fabius, had recently been exiled for his violence
in the comitia. Without some connivance within
the city, the exploit of Herdonius seems incredible.
At the head of at least 4000 men (Liv. iii. 15;
Dionys. x. 14), he dropped down the Tiber, passed
unbailed under the walls of Rome, and through the
Carmental gate, which, although from a religious
feeling (Liv. ii. 49; Ov. Fasti, ii. 201), it was
always open, was certainly not usually unguarded,
and ascended the clivus capitolinus by a peopled
street, the vicus jugalis. Herdonius proclaimed
freedom to slaves who should join him, abolition of
debts, and defence of the plebs from their oppres-
sors. But his offers attracted neither bond nor free
man, and his demand that the exiles should be re-
called was equally disregarded. His success indeed
was confined to the capture of the citadel. On the
fourth day from his entry the capitol was re-taken,
and Herdonius and nearly all his followers were
slain, after a desperate and protracted resistance.
(Liv. iii. 15—19; Dionys. x. 14—17.) The ex-
ploit of Herdonius, although much misrepresented
by both Livy and Dionysius, and probably by the
annalists whom they consulted, throws considerable
light on the political history of Rome in the first
century of the republic. It is amply narrated by
Niebuhr {Hist, of Rome, vol. ii. pp. 293—296),
and analysed by Arnold {Hist, of Rome, vol. i. c.
xi. note 11.) [W. B. D.]
HERDO′NIUS, TURNUS, of Aricia in La-
tium, having inveighed against the arrogance of
Tarquin the Proud, and warned his countrymen
against putting trust in him, Tarquin accused
him of plotting his death. Witnesses were sub-
orned, and weapons were conveyed by treacherous
slaves into the house where Herdonius lodged.
His guilt was therefore inferred, and Herdonius
was condemned by the great assembly of the La-
tins, and drowned in the Aqua Ferentina. (Liv.
i. 50, 51; Dionys. iv. 45—48.) The latter his-
torian relates the story with some differences, and
makes Herdonius a native of Corioli. [W. B. D.]
HE′REAS ('Hpeas), an historical writer, a na-
tive of Megara, quoted by Plutarch {Thes. 20, 32,
Sol. 10.) [C.P. M.]
HERENNIA ETRUSCILLA. [EtrusCILLA.]
HEREN′NIA GENS, originally Samnite (Liv.
ix. 3; Appian, Samnit. 4. § 3), and by the Sam-
nite invasion established in Campania (Liv. iv, 37,
vii. 38, xxxix. 13), became at a later period a
plebeian house at Rome. (Cic. Brut 45, ad Att.
i. 18, 19; Sail. Hist. ii. ap. Cell. x. 20; Liv.
xxiii. 43.) The Herennii were a family of rank in
Italy. They were the hereditary patrons of the
Marii. (Plut. Mar. 5.) Herennius was a leading
senator of Nola in Campania (Liv. xxiii. 43); and
M. Herennius was decurio of Pompeii about b. c.
63. (Plin. H. N. ii. 51.) From a coin (see be-
low), from the cognomen Siculus (Val. Max. ix.
12. § 6), and the settlement of an Herennius at
Leptis as a merchant (Cic. in Verr. i. 5, v. 5d
one branch at least of the family seems to have
been engaged in commerce (Macrob. Sat. iii. 6;
Serv. ad Aen, viii. 363), especially in the Sicilian
and African trade, and in the purchase and ex-
portation of the silphium — ferula Tingitana —
( Sprengel, i?ei Herhar. p. 84), from Cyrene. (Plin.
H. N. xix. 3.) The Herennii appear for the first
time in the Fasti, b. c. 93. Under the empire
they held various provincial and military offices
(Joseph. Antiq. xviii. 16; Tac. Hist. iv. 19; Dion
Cass. Ixvii. 13; Plin. Ep. vii. 33); and the wife
of the Emperor Decius (a. d. 249) was Herennia
Etruscilla. [Etruscilla; Etruscus.] The cog-
nomens which occur under the republic are Bal-
Bus, Bassus, Cerrinius, Pontius, and Siculus.
•As the surnames of Balbus, Bassus, and Cerrinius,
have been omitted under these names, they are
placed under the gentile name.
For the cognomens under the empire, see the alphabetical list on p. 408.
In the Herennian, as in other families of Sabel- lian origin, a peculiarity in the system of names is to be noted. To the family or paternal name was added that of the mother or wife. Thus the son of Cerrinius and Minia Paculla (Liv. xxxix. 13) is Minius Cerrinius, who, by marriage with an He- rennia, becomes Herennius Cerrinius. The son
