Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 2.djvu/611

JOANNES. adjacent one of Eleutheropolis. This irregular pro- ceeding either roused Joannes, or served him as a pretext for anger, and he exclaimed against Epi- jihanius, and resorted to severe measures for quelling the contumacious spirit of the monks of Bethlehem ; and even endeavoured to procure the banishment of Jerome. His opponents, however, were not to lie daunted ; Epiphanius wrote a letter to Joannes (about A. D. 394), which Jerome translated into Latin, affirming that the real cause of the differ- ence was the leaning of Joannes to Origenism, justifying the ordination of Paulinian, and solemnly- warning Joannes against that heresy. The letter appears among the Epistolae of Jerome (No. 60 in the older editions. No. 110 in the edit, of Mar- tiiinay, No. 51 in the edition of Vallarsi). Joannes did not reply to Epiphanius, but addressed an apologetic letter to Theophilus, patriarch of Alex- andria, who, with considerable difficulty, effected a reconciliation between Joannes and Jerome, perhaps about A. D. 400. Rufinus had in this quarrel been the supporter of Joannes, who afterwards requited his services by writing to Pope Anastasius in his behalf, when Rufinus, then in Italy, was accused of heresy. The reply of Anastasius is given in the Co7icilia (vol. ii. col. 1194, ed. Labbe, vol. iii. col. 943, ed. Mansi). Whether Joannes really cherished opinions at variance with the orthodoxy of that time, or only exercised toward those who held them a forbearance and liberality which drew suspicion on himself ; he was again involved in squabbles with the sup- porters of orthodox views. He was charged with favouring Pelagius, who was then in Palestine, and who was accused of heresy in the councils of Jerusa- lem and Diospolis (a. d. 415), but was in the latter council acquitted of the charge, and restored to the communion of the church. The followers of Pelagius are represented as acting with great violence against Jerome. Jerome applied for the support and coun- I tenance of Pope Innocent I. (a. d. 402 — 417), who accordingly wrote to Joannes (Innocentii Epistol. 3, apud Labbe, Com/ia, vol. ii. col. 1316 ; Mansi, (Joncil. vol. iii. col. 1125), with whom Augustin also remonstrated {Epktola^ 252, ed. vett., 179, ed. Caillau, Paris, 1842) on the favour which he showed to Pelagius. Augustin's letter is, however, re- Bpectful and courteous, and he has elsewhere re- cognised Joannes as connected with himself in the unity of the faith {Contra Litt. PetUliani^ ii. 117). In the struggle of Joannes of Con- stantinople, better kuown as Chrysostom, against his enemies, Joannes of Jerusalem had taken his part, and Chrysostom in his exile (a. D. 404) ac- knowledged his kindness in a letter still extant (Chrysostom, Epist. 88, Opera, vol. iii. p. 640, ed. Bened. Iraa. p. 771, ed. 2da. Paris, 1838). Joannes died A. D. 416 or 417. (Hieronyraus, Epistolae, 60, 61, 62. ed. Vet. 39, 110, ed. Benedictin. 51, 82, and LV)er Contra Joan, lerosolymit. ed. Vallarsi, to which the references in the course of the article have been made ; Chry- sostom. Augustin. II CO.; Socrates, i/.^. v. 15; Sozo- men. H. E. vii. 14 ; Tillemont, Mernoires, vol. xii. passim; Cave, Hist. Litt. vol. i. p. 281 ; Fleury,^is- toire Ecdesiastique, vol. iv. p. 634. &c., vol. v. p. 126, 4 1 4, &c. 447 ; Baromvis^Annales, ad ann. 386, Ixvi. ; 391 , xlv. ; 392, xlii.— xlvii. ; 393, ii.— xxi. ; 399, xxxviii. ; 402, xxvi. — xxx. ; 415, xix. — xxi v. ; 416, xxxi. xxxii. XXXV. ; Pagi, Criiice in Baron. An- .nales, ann. 416, xxxv. ; Ceillier, Auteurs Sacresy JOANNES. 597 vol. x. p. 87, &c.; Le Quien, Oriens Christianus, vol. iii. col. 161.) Joannes wrote, according to Gennadius {De Viris Illvstr. c. 30), Adversus Obtrectatorcs sui Studii Liber., in which he showed that he rather admired the ability than followed the opinion of Origen. Fabricius and Ceillier think, and with apparent reason, that this work, which is lost, was the apologetic letter addressed by Joannes to Theo- philus of Alexandria. No other work of Joannes is noticed by the ancients : but in the seventeenth century two huge volumes appeared, entitled, Joannis Nepotis Sylvani, Hierosolym. Episcopi XLl V. Opera omnia quae hactenus incognita, re- periri potuerunt : in unum collecta, suoque Auc- tori et Auctoritaii trihus Vindiciarum lihris asserta, per A. R. P. Petrum Wastelium, fol. Brussels, 1643. The Vindiciae occupied the second volume. The works profess to be translated from the Greek, and are as follows : 1. Liber de Institutione primorum Monachortim, in Lege Veteri exortorum et in Nova perseverantium, ad Caprasium Monachum. Interprete Aymerico Patriarcha Antiocheno. This work is mentioned by Trithernius (apud Fabric. Bihl. Gr. vol.x. p. 526) as " Volumen insigne de principio et profectu or- dinis Carmelitici,"" and is ascribed by him to a later Joannes, patriarch of Jerusalem in the eighth century. It is contained in several editions of the Bibliotheca Patrum (in which work indeed it seems to have been first published, vol. ix. Paris, fol. 1589), and in the works of Thomas a Jesu, the Carmelite (vol. i. p. 416, &c. fol. Colon. 1684). Its origin has been repeatedly discussed ; and it is generally admitted, except by the Carmelites, to be the production of a Latin writer, and of much later date than our Joannes. 2. In stratagemata Beuti Jobi Libri TIL, a commentary on the first three chapters of the book of Job, often printed in Latin among the works of Origen, but supposed to belong neither to him nor to Joannes. 3. In S. Matthaeum, an imperfect commentary on the Gospel of Matthew, usually printed under the title of Opus imperfedum in Matthaeum, among the works of Chrysostom, in the Latin or Graeco-Latin editions of that father ; but supposed to be the work of some Arian or Anomoean, about the end of the sixth, or in the seventh century. 4. Fragmenta ea> Commentario ad prima Capita XI. S. Marci, cited by Thomas Aquinas (Catena Aurea ad Evang.) as a work of Chrysostom. 5. Fragmenta ex Com- mentario in Lucam, extant under the name of Chrysostom, partly in the editions of his works, partly in the Latin version of a Greek Catena in Lucam published by Corderius, fol. Antwerp, 1628 ; and partly in the Catena Aurea of Thomas Aquinas. 6. Homiliae LXIIL, almost all of them among those published in the works of Chrysos- tom. There is no good reason for ascribing any of these works to Joannes ; nor are they, in fact, ascribed to him, except by the Carmelites. (Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. ix. p. 299, vol. x. p. 525, &c. ; Cave, Hist. Litt. vol. i. p. 281, &c. ; Dupin, Noiu- velle Biblioiheque des Auteurs FJcdesiasiiqueSy vol. iii. p. 87, ed. Paris, 1690.) 73. Of Jerusalem (2). A synodical letter of Joannes, who was patriarch of Jerusalem early in the sixth century, and his suffragan bishops assem- bled in a council at Jerusalem a. d. 517 or 518, to Joannes of Constantinople [Joannes Cappadox I, No. 27], is given in the Concilia (vol. v. col. QQ 3