Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 2.djvu/859

LYCIUS. to urge them to ally themselves with Philip V. of Macedon, — at any rate not to join the Roman and Aetolian league. He defended the kings of Mace- donia from the attack of Chlaeneas, and dwelt oil the danger of allowing the Romans to gain a footing in Greece and on the indignity of the de- scendants of those who had repulsed Xerxes and his barbarians becoming now the confederates of other baxbarians against Greeks. (Pol. ix. 32 — 39.) 6. An Aetolian, a partisan of Rome, was made general of the Aetolians, in b, c. 171, through the influence of Q. Marcius and A. Atilius, two of the Roman commissioners sent to Greece in that year, (Liv. xlii. 38.) In B. c. 1G7, the Aetolians com- plained to Aemilius PauUus, then making a pro- gress through Greece, that Lyciscus and Tisippus had caused 550 of their senators to be slain by Roman soldiers, lent them by Baebius for the pur- pose, while they had driven others into banishment and seized their property. But the murder and violence had been perpetrated against partisans of Perseus and opponents of Rome, and the Roman commissioners at Amphipolis decided that Lycis- cus and Tisippus were justified in what they had done. Baebius only was condemned for having supplied Roman soldiers as the instruments of the murder. (Liv. xlv. 28, 31.) [Baebius, No. 5.] [E. K] LYCISCUS, a statuary, who made " Lagonem puerum subdolae ac fucatae vernilitatis." (Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 8. s. 19. § 17.) [P. S.] LY'CIUS (Au/cios), i. e. the Lycian, a surname of Apollo, who was worshipped in several places of Lycia, and had a sanctuary and oracle at Patara in Lycia. (Pind. Pyth. i. 39 ; Propert. iii. I. 38 ; Virg. Aen. iv. 143,346, 377.) It must, however, be observed, that Lycius is often used in the sense of Lyceius, and in allusion to his being the slayer of wolves. (Comp. Serv. ad Aen. iv. 377, who gives several other explanations of the name ; Pans, ii. 9. § 7, 19. $ 3 ; Philostr. Her. x. 4 ; Eustath. ad Horn. p. 354.) Lycius also occurs as the proper name of two mythical beings, one a son of Lycaon (Apollod. iii. 8 ), and the other a son of Pandion. (Paus. i. 19. § 4.) [L. S.] LY'CIUS (AuKios), of Eleutherae, in Boeotia, was a distinguished statuar}', whom Pliny mentions as only the disciple, while Pausanias and Polemon make him the son, of Myron. He must, therefore, have flourished about 01. 92, B. c. 428. (Plin. //, iV. xxxiv. 8. 8. 19 ; Ibid, $ 17 ; Paus. i. 23. § 7, V. 22. § 3 ; Polemon, ap. Ath. xi. p. 486, d ; Suid. s. V. ; respecting the true reading of the second passage of Pliny, see Hegesias, p. 368, b.) Pliny mentions as his works a group of the Argonauts, and a boy blowing up an expiring flame : " a work worthy of his teacher." At the end of the same section Pliny adds, " Lycius (for so the best MSS. read, not Lycus) et ipse puerum suflitorem," which we take to be obviously an after insertion, made with Pliny's frequent carelessness, and de- scribing nothing else than the " puerum sufflantem" mentioned by him above. Pausanias states that he saw in the Acropolis at Athens a bronze statue by Lycius, of a boy holding a sprinkling vessel (Treptppai/TTjpioj'). Pausanias (v. 22. $ 2) also men- tions a group by Lycius, which is exceedingly in- teresting as a specimen of the arrangement of the figures in a great work of statuary of the best LYCOMEDES. 845 period. The group (which stood at Olympia, near the Hippodamion, and was dedicated by the people of Apollonia, on the Ionian gulf), had for its found- ation a semicircular base of marble, in the middle of the upper part of which was the statue of Zeus, with Thetis and Hemera (Aurora) supplicating him on behalf of their sons Achilles and Memnon. Those heroes stood below, in the attitude of com- batants, in the angles of tlie semicircle ; and the space between them was occupied by four pairs of Greek and Trojan chieftains, — Ulysses opposed to Helenus, they being the wisest men of either army, Alexander to Menelaus, on account of their original enmity, Aeneas to Diomed, and Deiphobus to the Telamonian Ajax. It is most probable that, though the base was of marble, the statues were of bronze. A vase has been recently discovered at A<)rigentum, by Politi, the painting on which seems to be an imitation of this group. {Real-Encyclop'ddie d. Class. Alterthumswissenschaft, s. v.) The question has been raised whether Lycius was not also a chaser of gold or silver cups. The fact is probable enough, for the great artists fre- quently executed such minute works, and cups by Myron, the father of Lycius, are expressly men- tioned by Martial (vi. 92, viii. 51) ; but the actual authority on which the statement rests can hardly bear it out. Demosthenes (c. Tlmoth. p. 1193) mentions (piaXas vKovpye7s (or vKiovpye7s), which the grammarian Didymus explained as cups made by Lycius, not being aware, as Polemon objects (up. Ath. xi. p. 486, e.), that such compounds are not formed from names of persons, but from names of places, like "Na^iovpyrjs Kavdapos, Slcppos MiXrj- (Tiovpyris, Kii/r] Xiovpy^s, and rpdire^a 'Prjyioepy^s. Polemon explains the word as meaning made in Lycia, like the 'irpo§6ovs Avicoepyeas mentioned by Herodotus (vii. 76), and in this he is followed by Harpocration (s. v.), and by most modern scholars. (See Valckenaer «c? i/erorf. Z. c.) The style of Lycius probably resembled that of his father. [P. S.] LYCOA'TIS (Au/coaTis), a surname of Artemis, who had a temple at Lycoa, in Arcadia. (Paus, viii. 36. § 5.) LYCO'CTONUS. [Lyceius.] LYCO'LEON (AuKo€«v), an Athenian orator, and a disciple of Isocrates, is mentioned only by Aristotle (Rhet. iii. 10), who quotes a fragment of an oration of his vv^p XaSpiov. As in that frag- ment mention is made of the bronze statue which was erected to Chabrias (Diod. xv. 33 ; Nep. Cfiab, 1 ), it is evident that that oration must have been delivered after the year b. c. 377. [L. S.] LYCOME'DES (Av/coyuTjSTjs). 1. A king of the Dolopians, in the island of Scyros, near Eu- boea, father of Deidameia, and grandfather of Pyr- rhus or Neoptolemus. (Apollod. iii. 1 3. § 8.) Once when Theseus came to him, Lycomedes, dreading the influence of the stranger upon his own subjects, thrust him down a rock. Some related that the cause of this violence was, that Lycomedes would not give up the estates which Theseus had in Scyroa, or the circumstance that Lycomedes wanted to gain the favour of Menestheus. (Plut. Tfies. 35 ; Paus. i. 17, in fin.; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 1324; Soph. Phil 243; Apollod. iii. 13.) 2. A son of Creon, one of the Greek warriors at Troy (Hom. 11. ix. 84) ; he was represented as a wounded man by Polygnotus in the Lesche at Delphi. (Paus. x. 25. § 2.)