Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 3.djvu/115

PAMPHILUS. disciple of Plato, who is only remembered by the circumstance that Epicurus, when a young man, heard him at Samos. Epicurus used to speak of him with great contempt, partly, according to Cicero, that he might not be thought to owe any- thing to his instruction ; for it was the great boast of Epicurus, that he was the sole author of his own philosophy. (Diog. Laert x. 14 ; Suid. s. v. 'EttI- Kovpos ; Cic. de Nat. Deor. i. 26.) 2. A rhetorician, and writer on the art of rhe- toric, mentioned by Aristotle in conjunction with Callippus. (Rhet. ii. 23. §21.) It is impossible to determine whether he is the same as the rheto- rician of tliis. name mentioned by Cicero {De Orat. iii. 21, where several commentators have fallen into the extraordinary blunder of supposing that Pamphilus the painter is referred to) ; or as the one mentioned by Quintilian (iii. 6. § 34) ; or whether all three were different persons. 3. A philosopher, of Amphipolis, or Sicyon, or Nicopolis, surnamed ^iKoirpayixaTos, wrote the fol- lowing works : flKoves Kara (TToix^'iov, rex^v ypa/jL/jLaTiK-^, irepl ypacpiKrjs Kal ^wypd^wv ivSo^wu, yewpyiKoi. fiiSKla y' . (Suid. s. v., who confounds him with the teacher of Epicurus.) We have no other mention of any of these works, except the last, of which there are considerable fragments in the Geoponica of Bassus. As two out of the four works in the above list are upon art, and as Suidas calls Pamphilus an Amphipolitan or Sicyonian, it has been conjectured that this Pamphilus was the great painter, who was a native of Amphipolis and the head of the Sicyonian school. Several of the great artists, and especially about the time of Pam- philus, wrote works on art, as, for example, Apelles and Melanthius ; and it seems especially probable that Pamphilus, who was famed for the scientific character of his teaching, would do the same. The argument is good so far as it goes, but the best conclusion to draw from it seems to be, not that the whole article in Suidas is to be re- ferred to the painter, but that the lexicographer has here, as frequently elsewhere, confounded dif- ferent persons ; namely, the painter, to whom we may ascribe the " Likenesses in Alphabetical Or- der," and the work on " Painting and Celebrated Painters," and a philosopher, or rather grammarian of Nicopolis, author of the other two works. The latter, again, is perhaps the same person who wrote a work on plants (Trept ^oravwy) in alphabetical order, and who is frequently men- tioned and ridiculed by Galen. He is sometimes enumerated among the physicians, but Galen ex- pressly says that he was a grammarian, and had never seen the plants about which he wrote. (Galen, irepl rijs twv dirXui' (papfJMKwv Swdiacws, pp. 67, &c.) His book found a place in the work of the younger Dioscorides, and considerable fragments of it are found in the Geoponica. A work of Pamphilus Uepl <pvcriKwv is also cited in the Geoponica (xiii. 15). To this grammarian, who busied himself also with physical science, the epithet <pioTrpdy(iaTos^ which Suidas tells us was given to Pamphilus of Nicopolis, might very well be applied, and the work on agricul- ture, which Suidas ascribes to the latter, may be, perhaps, the same as that on plants, which is cited by Galen. A further point of resemblance is, that the fragments of Pamphilus's work on agriculture in the Geoponica contain several exam- pies of that superstition with which Galen charges | PAMPHILUS. 103 the author of the work on plants. "Whether they are to be identified or not, the latter writer must have lived about the first century of our era, since his work was copied by Dioscorides. 4. An Alexandrian grammarian, of the 8cht)ol of Aristarchus, and the author of a lexicon, which is supposed by some scholars to have formed the foundation of the lexicon of Hesychius. The list of his works, as given by Suidas, is rather obscure, but the following is probably the correct punctu- ation of the passage : typail/e X^ifiuva (ecrrt S^ ttoikIKwv nepioxv), ""epi y<a(T<TWP ijToi Ae^ewv fii- §ia >e' . . . els rd NiKcivSpov di/e|if7TjTo /col rd k«- Kovixeva dcpiKa, rix^riv KpiTiKrjv, /cai &a TrAeib-ra ypafi/xariKd. The Xei/xcov was no doubt one of those miscellaneous collections of facts and discus- sions to which the ancient grammarians were fond of giving such fanciful titles. The correctness of the title due^i^yrjra is questionable, as there is no other mention of such a work by Nicander. The next title is diriKd in most of the MSS., and has been variously corrected into ocpiKd, d(piaKd, and o^ioviKd ; one critic, Reinesius, even conjectures ""OpcpiKd, which is a groundless fancy. [Nican- der.] Of the rex^v KpiriKti we have no other mention. With respect to Pamphilus's chief work, the lexicon, we learn from Suidas that it was in 95 books (other readings give 75, 205, and 405), and that it extended from e to a>, the preceding part, from a to S, having been compiled by Zopy- rion. It is quoted under various titles, such as irepl yXwaaocv^ irepl ovo^druv, Trepl yKuaffuv Ka ovofjidTwv. It was arranged in alphabetical order, and particular attention was paid in it to words peculiar to the respective dialects. The contro- versy respecting its relation to the work of He- sychius is too extensive and doubtful to be entered on here ; a fuU discussion of it, with further in- formation respecting the lexicon of Pamphilus, will be found in the works of Ranke and Welcker, already quoted under Hesychius, to which should be added the article Pamphilus^ also by Ranke, in Ersch and Gruber's Encyclop'ddie. (See also Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vi. pp. 374, 631.) He appears to have lived in the first century of our era. He may be presumed to be the Pamphilus quoted in the Scholia on Homer. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. i. p. 518.) 5. An epigrammatic poet, who had a place in the Garland of Meleager, and two of whose epi- grams are contained in the Greek Anthology. (Brunck. Anal. vol. i. p. 258 ; Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. i. p. 190.) Whether or not he is identical with either of the preceding writers, we have no means of determining. 6 Of Sicily, a sophist or grammarian, or poet, who is mentioned by Athenaeus for his strange conceit of always speaking in verse at table. ( Ath. i. p. 4,d.; Suid. s. v. lid^icptKos oStos; YbhncBiM. Gh-aec. vol. ii. p. 313.) 7. Presbyter of Caesareia, in Palestine, saint and martyr, and also celebrated for his friendship with Eusebius, who, as a memorial of this in- timacy, assumed the surname of Ua/xiplKov. [Eusk- Bius.J He was probably bom at Berytus, of an honourable and wealthy family. Having received his early education in his native city, he pro- ceeded to Alexandria, where he attended the in- structions of Pierius, the head of the catechetical school. Afterwards, but at what time we are not informed, he became a presbyter under Agapius, B 4