Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 3.djvu/1188

1176 TRITON. command of Demeter he was obliged to give up his country to Triptolemus, which he now called after his father Eleusis. He now established the worship of Demeter, and instituted the Thesmophoria. (Hygin. Fab. 147; corap. Dionys. Hal. i. 12 ; Ov. Fast, iv, 507, &c.) He had temples and statues both at Eleusis and Athens (Paus. i. 14. § K 38. § 6.) Triptolemus is represented in works of art as a youthful hero, sometimes with the petasus, on a chariot drawn by dragons, and holding in his hand a sceptre and corn ears. (See Muller, Anc. Art. and Us Rem. § 358.) [L. S.] TRITAEA (TptTOia), a daughter of Triton, a priestess of Athena, by whom Ares became the father of Melanippus, who gave to a town in Achaia the name of his mother. Sacrifices were offered there to Ares and Tritaea in the temple of Athena. (Paus. vii. -22. § 5, &c.) [L. S.J TRITANNLJS, a man distinguished for his remarkable strength. (Cic. de Fin. i. 3; Plin. H. N. vii. 1 9. 8. 20 ; Solin. c. 4.) TRITANTAECHMES (TpiTavTaixiJ.ris). 1. A Persian satrap of Babylon, son of Artabazus. (Herod, i. 192.) 2. A son of Artabanus [No. 1], and a cousin therefore of Xerxes, was one of the commanders of the Persian infantry when the barbarians invaded Greece in B. c. 480. After the battle of Thermo- pylae, when the Persians had been informed by Bome Arcadian deserters of the contests at Olympia for no other prize than a simple olive-crown, Tri- tantaechmes exclaimed that men who thus strove, not for gain, but for glory, could not be attacked with much chance of success, a sentiment which Xerxes ascribed to cowardice. (Herod, vii. 82, 121,viii. 26.) [E. E.] TRITO or TRITOGENEIA (TptTc6 or TpiTo- y4veia and TpiT076i'^s), a surname of Athena (Horn. K iv. 515, Od. iii. 378 ; Hes. Theoc/. 924), which is explained in different ways. Some derive it from lake Tritonis in Libya, near which she is said to have been born (Eurip. Ion. 872 ; ApoUod. i. 3. § 6 ; comp. Herod, iv. 150, 179); others from the stream Triton near Alalcomenae in Boeotia, where she was worshipped, and where according to some statements she was also born (Paus. ix. 33. § 4 ; comp. Horn. 11. iv. 8); the grammarians, lastly, derive the name from rpiTu which, in the dialect of the Athamanians, is said to signify " head," so that it would be the goddess born out of the head of her father. (Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. iv. 1310 ; comp. Horn. Hymn. 28. 4 ; Hes. 7^09. 924.) [L. S.] TRITON (TptTwj/). 1. A son of Poseidon and Amphitrite (or Celaeno), who dwelt with his father and mother in a golden palace on the bottom of the sea, or according to Homer (//. xiii. 20) at Aegae. (Hes. Theog. 930, &c; ApoUod. il 4. § 6.) Later writers describe this divinity of the Medi- terranean as riding over the sea on horses or other sea-monsters. (Ov. Heroid. vii. 50 ; Cic. de Nat. Deor. i. 28 ; Claudian, xxviii. 378.) Sometimes also Tritons are mentioned in the plural, and as serving other marin6 divinities in riding over the sea. Their appearance is differently described, though they are always conceived as presenting the human figure in the upper part of their bodies, while the lower part is that of a fish. Pausanias (ix. 21. § 1) says : the Tritons have greea hair on their head, very fine and hard scales, breathing organs below their ears, a human nose, a broad TROILUS. mouth, with the teeth of animals, sea-green eyes, hands rough like the surface of a shell, and instead of feet, a tail like that of dolphins. (Comp. Orph. Hymn. 23. 4 ; Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 4, 7.) The chief characteristic of Tritons in poetry as well as in works of art is a trumpet consisting of a shell (concha), which the Tritons blow at the command of Poseidon, to soothe the restless waves of the sea (Ov. iMet. i. 333), and in the fight of the Gigantes this trumpet served to frighten the ene- mies. (Hygin. Poet. Astr. ii. 23; comp. Paus. viii. 2. § 3; Mosch. ii. 20 ; Virg. Ae7i. x. 209, &c.; Ov. Met. ii. 8; Plin. H. N. ix. 5.) Tritons were some- times represented with two horse's feet instead of arms, and they were then called Centaur-Tritons or Ichthyocentaurs. (Tzetz. ad Lye. 34, 886, 892.) Their figures are frequently mentioned in works of art, as in the sanctuary of Poseidon on the Corin- thian isthmus (Paus. ii. 1. § 7), in the temple of Dionysus at Tanagra (ix. 20. § 4 ; comp. Aelian, H. A. xiii. 21), in the pediment of the temple of Saturn at Rome, (Macrob. Sat. i. 8 ; comp. Hirt, Mythol. BUderb. p. 152 ; Muller, .4 «c. Art. and its Rem. § 402.) 2. The god of lake Tritonis in Libya, is, like Glaucus, a marine divinity connected with the story of the Argonauts. (Apollon. Rhod. iv. 1552, &c.; Orph. Argon. 337 ; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 34, 754 ; Herod, iv. 179.) [L. S.] TRITO'NIS {TpiTwvis). 1. A nymph of lake Tritonis in Libya, who according to an ancient tradition was the mother of Athena bv Poseidon. (Herod, iv. 180; Pind. Pyth. iv. 20.) "By Amphi- themis she became the mother of Nasamon and Caphaurus. (Apollon. Rhod. iv. 1495.) 2. A surname of Athena, like Tritogeneia and Tritonia. (Apollon. Rhod. i. 72, 109 ; Virg. Aen. ii. 171.) [L. S.] TROEZEN {TpoLCi}v a son of Pelops, and founder of the town of Troezen or Troezene. He was the father of Anaphlystus and Sphettus. ( Paus. ii. 30. § 8, &c.; Parthen. Erot. 31.) [L. S.] TROGUS, C. MA'RIUS, a triumvir of the mint under Augustus, occurs only on coins, a spe- cimen of which is annexed. On the obverse is the head of Augustus, and on the reverse two men standing, with the legend c. marivs c. f. tro. hi. viR. (Eckhel, vol. v. p. 250.) COIN OP C. MARIUS TROGUS. TROGUS POMPEIUS. [Justinus, p. 680,b.] J TROGUS, T. QUI'NTIUS, was accused byj the quaestor M. Sergius. (Varr. L. L. vi. 90- 92, ed. Muller.) TROGUS, SAUFEIUS. [Saufeius, No. 6.]| TROI'LUS (T/ywtAos), a son of Priam and He-j cabe (Hom. H. xxiv. 257), or according to otheraj a son of Apollo. (ApoUod. iii. 12. § 5.) He feU byj the hands of Achilles (Virg. Aen. i. 474 ; Horat.j Carm. ii. 9. 16 ; Cic. Tusc i. 39) ; others relate that Achilles ordered Troilus who was made pri-