Greece in the reign of Hadrian, whose statue he
made for the Milesians. (Bockh, Corp. Inscr. vol.
i. No. 339.) [P. S.l
PANURGUS, the name of the slave of Fannius
Chaerea, whom the latter entrusted to Roscius,
the actor, for instruction in his art. [Chakreas,
p. 677, b.]
PANYASIS {Xiavia-ais)* 1. A Greek epic
poet, lived in the fifth century before the Christian
aera. His name is also written Yiavvaacris and
nawuao-is, but there can be no doubt that ITaj/v-
atrts is the correct way. According to Suidas (s. ■??.)
he was the son of Polyarchus and a native of Hali-
carnassus ; and although the historian Duris stated
that he was a Samian and the son of Diodes, yet
the authority of Suidas is to be preferred, at least
as far as respects his birth-place, since both Pau-
sanias (x. 8. § 5) and Clemens Alexandrinus (vi.
2. § 52) likewise call him a native of Halicarnassus.
Panyasis belonged to one of the noblest families at
Halicarnassus, and was a relation of the historian
Herodotus, though the exact relationship in which
they stood to one another is uncertain. One
account made the poet the first cousin of the his-
torian, Panyasis being the son of Polyarchus, and
Herodotus the son of Lyxes, the brother of Poly-
archus. Another account made Panyasis the uncle
of Herodotus, the latter being the son of Rhoeo or
Dryo, who was the sister of the poet (Suidas, s.v.
These conflicting accounts have given rise to much
dispute among modern writers, but the latter state-
ment, according to which Panyasis was the uncle
of Herodotus, has been usually preferred. Panyasis
began to be known about b. c. 489, continued in re-
putation till B. c. 467, in which year he is placed
by Suidas, and was put to death by Lygdamis, the
tyrant of Halicarnassus, probably about the same
time that Herodotus left his native town, that is
about B. c. 457 (Clinton, F.H. sub annis 489,
457).
Ancient writers mention two poems by Panyasis.
Of these the most celebrated was entitled Heracleia
{'HpaKA^ia, Athen. xi. pp. 469, d. 498, c.) or He-
racleias ('HpaK-A-etas, Suidas), which gave a detailed
account of the exploits of Heracles. It consisted
of fourteen books and nine thousand verses ; and
it appears, as far as we can judge from the re-
ferences to it in ancient writers, to have passed
over briefly the adventures of the hero which had
been related by previous poets, and to have dwelt
chiefly upon his exploits in Asia, Libya, the Hes-
perides, &c. An outline of the contents of the
various books, as far as they can be restored, is
given by Miiller, in an appendix to his work on
the Dorians (vol. i. p. 532, Engl, transl. 1st ed.).
The other poem of Panyasis bore the name of lonica
('Icoywct), and contained 7000 verses ; it related
the history of Neleus, Codrus, and the Ionic
colonies, probably much in the same way as otheis
had described in poetry the KTiaeLS or apxaioXoyiai
of different states and countries. Suidas relates
that this poem was written in pentameters, but it
is improbable that at so early a period a poem of
such a length was written simply in pentameters ;
- The quantity of the name is doubtful. A
late poet (Axien. Ar at. Fhaen. 175) makes the penultimate short: —
- ' Panyasi sed nota tamen, cui longior aetas,"
but it was probably long in earlier times. still, as no fragments of it have come down lo us, we have no certain information on the subject. We do not know what impression the poems of Panyasis made upon his contemporaries and their immediate descendants, but it was probably not great, as he is not mentioned by any of the great Greek writers. But in later times his works were extensively read, and much admired ; the Alex- andrine grammarians ranked him with Homer, Hesiod, Peisander, and Antimachus, as one of the five principal epic poets, and some even went so far as to compare him with Homer (comp. Suidas, s. V. ; Dionys. de Vet. Script. Cms. c. 2, p. 419, ed. Reiske ; Quintil. x. 1. § 54). Panyasis occupied an intermediate position between the later cyclic poets and the studied efi'orts of Antimachus, who is stated to have been his pupil {s.v.'AvriiJiaxos). From two of the longest fragments which have come down to us (Athen. ii. p. 36 ; Stobaeus, xviii. 22), it appears that Panyasis kept close to the old Ionic form of epic poetry, and had imbibed no small por- tion of the Homeric spirit. The fragments of the Heracleia are given in the collections of the Greek poets by Winterton, Brunck, Boissonade, and Gaisford ; in Diintzer's Fragments of Greek epic poetry, and in the works of Tzschirner and Funcke, quoted below. (The histories of Greek literature by Bode, Ulrici, and Bernhardy ; Tzschirner, De Panyasidis Vita et Carminibus Dissertatio, Vratisl. 1836, and Frag- menta., 1842 ; Funcke, De Panyasidis Vita ac Poesi Dissert. Bonn. 1837 ; Eckstein, in Ersch and Gruber's Encyklop'ddie, art. Panyasis.) . A philosopher, also a native of Halicarnassus, who wrote two books " On Dreams" (Ilept oveipccv, Suidas, s. v.). This must be the Panyasis, whom Arteniiodorus refers to in his Oneirocritica (i. 64, ii. 35), and whom he expressly calls a Halicar- nassian. Tzschirner conjectures that the passage of Duris above referred to has reference to this Pa- nyasis ; that the poet had a son named Diodes, and that the philosopher was therefore a grandson of the poet, and was called a Samian by Duris from his residence in that island. That Suidas has con- founded the two persons, as he frequently does, seems probable from his calling the poet reparo- aKOTTos^ an epithet which would be much more appro- priate to the philosopher, who wrote upon dreams. PAPAEUS or PAPAS (nairalos or ndnas), " father," a surname of Zeus among the Scythians (Herod, iv. 59), and of Attis. (Diod. iii. 58.) [L. S.] PA'PHIA (na<pia), a surname of Aphrodite, derived from the celebrated temple of the goddess at Paphos in Cyprus. A statue of Aphrodite Paphia also stood in the sanctuary of Ino, between Oetylus and Thalamae in Laconia. (Pans. iii. 36 ; Tac" Hist. ii. 2 ; Hom. Hymn, in Ven. 59 ; Apollod. iii. 14. § 2 ; Strab. xiv. p. 683.) [L. S.] PAP H US (no^os), a son of Pygmalion and the statue into which life had been breathed by Aphrodite. From him the town of Paphus is said to have derived its name ; and Pygmalion himself is called the Paphian hero. (Ov. Met. x. 290, &c.) The father of Cinyras, the founder of the temple of Aphrodite at Paphos, is likewise called Paphus. (Hygin. Fab. 242 ; Apollod. iii. 14. § 2.) [L. S.] PA'PIA, the wife of Oppianicus. {Cic. pro Ciuent. 9.) PA'PIA GENS, plebeian, was originally a Samnite family. In the Samnite wars a Papius I 2
