XERXES ((
Greek characters)), a son of Mithridates, who
fell into the hands of Pompey in consequence of
the insurrection of the town of Phanagoria, where
he with several of his brothers had been placed for
security, B. c. 64. He afterwards adorned Pompey 's triumph at Rome. (Appian, Mithr. 108, 117.)
XIPHARES ((Greek characters)), the son of Mithridates
and Stratonice, was put to death by his father
in consequence of the conduct of his mother, of
which an account is given elsewhere. [Stratonice, No. 6.]
XIPHIL'NUS, GEO'RGIUS ((Greek characters)) patriarch of Constantinople,A.D. 1193—1199. A few constitutions of his are mentioned,
the most important of which, De Juribus Territoriorum, is published by Leunclavius in his Jus Graeco-Romanum, vol. i. p. 283. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. xii. pp. 41. 42.)
XIPHILI'NUS, JOANNES ((Greek characters)). 1. Patriarch of Constantinople, A.D. 1066—1075, was of a noble family of Trapezus (Trebizond). He published a few constitutions on ecclesiastical matters, which are printed by Leunclavius in his Jus Graeco-Romanum. and also an
Oration on the Adoration of the Cross, which is
published in Gretser's work on the Cross, Ingolstadt,
1616, There are also some orations of this Xiphilinus
published by Ch. Fr. Matthaei under the title of
"Xiphilini, Joannis, et Basilii Magni aliquot Orationes," Mosquae, 1775; but the writer is unable
to state what these orations are, as he has not seen
the book. This Xiphilinus has been frequently
confounded with his nephew. (Cave, Hist. Lit. ad
ann. 1066.)
2. Of Trapezus, the nephew of the preceding,
was a monk at Constantinople, and made an
abridgement of Dion Cassius from the thirty-sixth
to the eightieth book at the command of the em-
peror Michael VII. Diicas, who reigned from A. d.
1071 to 1078. Xiphilinus did not preserve the
original arrangement of Dion Cassius, who divided
his work into books, but he distributed it into sections ((Greek characters))., each of which contained the life
of an emperor. He omitted the names of the consuls, which Dion Cassius always inserted, and
sometimes he took the liberty to alter and amend
the original. The work is executed with the usual
carelessness which characterizes most epitomes,
and is only of value as preserving the main facts of
the original, the greater part of which is lost. As
an example of the carelessness of Xiphilinus, we
may mention a passage (lxxi. 32) in which he refers the reader to a previous statement, which is,
however, omitted in the Epitome. That he omitted
many statements of considerable importance, and
which certainly ought to have been preserved even
in an abridgment, is evident from Zonaras, who
has preserved many passages of Dion Cassius which
are omitted by Xiphilinus. [Zonaras.] For editions and further particulars see Dion Cassius.
XUTHUS ((Greek characters)), a son of Hellen by the
nymph Orseis, and a brother of Dorus and Aeolus.
He was king of Peloponnesus, and the husband of
Creusa, the daughter of Erechtheus, by whom he
became the father of Achaeus and Ion (Eurip.
Ion. 63, &c. ; Apollod. i. 7. § 3). Others state
that after the death of his father Hellen, Xuthus
was expelled from Thessaly by his brothers, and
went to Athens, where he married the daughter of
Erechtheus. After the death of Erechtheus, Xuthus being chosen arbitrator, adjudged the kingdom
to his eldest brother-in-law, Cecrops, in conse- quence of which he was expelled by the other sons of Erechtheus, and settled at Aegialos in Pelopon- nesus. (Paus. vii. 1. § 2 ; comp. Herod, vii. 94.) Template:DGRBM
ZACH ARIAS ((Greek characters)). 1. An ecclesiastical writer, commonly known by the name of
Zacharias Rhetor. He was bishop of Melitene, and was the author of an ecclesiastical history
embracing the period from A.D. 450 to A.D. 491.
In the judgment of the orthodox Evagrius this
work was written with a bias in favour of the
Nestorians. (Evagrius, ii. 2, iii. 5, 6, 7, 18; comp.
Nicephorus, xvi. 5, 6, 9, &c.) A Syriac translation, which bears no author's name, is claimed as
the translation of the work of Zacharias by Assemann (Bibl. Orient, vol. ii. p. 53, &c.; comp. Le
Quien, Oriens Christ, i. p. 442).
2. The preceding should no doubt be distinguished from Zacharias surnamed Scholasticus.
The latter studied philosophy at Alexandria, and
jurisprudence at Berytus. After some time he
was made bishop of Mytilene in Lesbos, and while
in this office was present at the council held at
Constantinople in A.D. 536, in the Acta of which
he is several times mentioned. There is still
extant a work by Zacharias, entitled (Greek characters)
It professed to be a dialogue held with a disciple
of Ammonius, and to contain the substance of a
discussion held at Alexandria with Ammonius
himself and one Gessius, a physician. The design
of the work is to refute the favourite Platonic
doctrine of the eternity of the universe. ((Greek characters)), and the occasion which led to
its composition was the endeavour of a disciple of
Ammonius who had come to Berytus to spread
that doctrine, so inimical to the Christian faith.
The style of Zacharias is formed very much in
imitation of that of Plato. This dialogue was pub-
lished in Greek and Latin by J. Tarin, in con-
nection with the Philocalia of Origenes (Paris,
1619). It is also to be found in K. Barth's edition
of Aeneas of Gaza (Leipzig, 1655). There is also
extant a short piece by Zacharias, entitled (Greek characters). The
Greek text has not been printed, but there is a
Latin translation of it by F. Turrianus in H. Canisii Thesaur. Mon. Eccles. et Hist. Antv. 1725, vol. v., p. 428. Zacharias is also mentioned as
having written commentaries on Aristotle. (Cod. Bibl. Coislin. ; comp. Montfauc. p. 598.)
3. Patriarch of Jerusalem ; a Latin translation of whose Epistola ad Eccles. Hierosol. de Abductione sua in Persidem (A.D. 614) is contained in the Bibliotheca Patrum (vol. xii. ed. Lugd. p. 984).
4. Patriarch of Alexandria, respecting whose synodic letter to Joannes Abdos the reader is referred to Assemann (Bibl. Orient, ii. p. 145, &c.).
5. There are several more ecclesiastics and others of this name, respecting whom the reader may con- sult Assemann (Z. c.) and Fabricius {Bibl. Gr. vol. x. pp. 635—638). [C. P. M.]
ZACYNTHUS ((Greek characters)), a son of Dardanus
of Psophis who is said to have led a colony to the
island of Zacynthus, which derived its name from
