Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 3.djvu/1351

GREEK HISTORY. 1339 and accession of Dareius, son of Hystaspes, to the Persian throne. Hecataeus and Dionysius of Miletus, the historians, flourished. Melanippides of Melos, the dithyrambic poet, flourished. Plataeae places itself under the protection of Athens. Birth of Cratinus, the comic poet. Birth of Pindar. Hipparchus, tyrant of Athens, slain by Har- modius and Aristogeiton. Phrynichus, the tragic poet, flourished. Expulsion of Hippias and his family from Athens. The ten tribes instituted at Athens by Cleis- thenes. Telesilla of Argos, the poetess, flourished. Charon of Lampsacus, the historian, flourished. Heracleitus of Ephesus, the philosopher, and Lasus of Hermione, the lyric poet, flourished. Naxos besieged by Aristagoras and the Per- sians. Upon the failure of this attempt Aristagoras determines to revolt from the Persians. Hecataeus the historian took part in the deliberations of the lonians respecting the revolt. Aristagoras solicits aid from Athens and Sparta. Birth of Anaxagoras the philosopher. First year of the Ionian revolt. The lonians, assisted by the Athenians, burn Sardis. Aeschylus, aged 25, first exhibits tra- gedy. Second year of the Ionian revolt. Cyprus recovered by the Persians. Third year of the Ionian revolt. Aristagoras slain in Thrace. Death of Pythagoras according to Euse- bins. Fourth year of the Ionian revolt. Histiaeus comes down to the coast. Birth of Hellanicus of Mytilene, the historian. Fifth year of the Ionian revolt Birth of Sophocles. Sixth and last year of the Ionian revolt. The lonians defeated in a naval battle near Miletus and Miletus taken. The Persians take the islands of Chios, Lesbos, and Tenedos. Miltiades fled from the Chersonesus to Athens. He had been in the Chersonesus twenty-two years, having succeeded his brother Stesagoras in the government in b. c. 51 5. Mardonius, the Persian general, invades Eu- rope, and unites Macedonia to the Persian empire. Dareius sends heralds to Greece to demand earth and water. War between Athens and Aegina. Demaratus, king of Sparta, deposed by the intrigues of his colleague Cleomenes. He flies to Dareius. Datis and Artaphemes, the Persian generals, invade Europe. They take Eretria in Euboea, and land in Attica under the .c. 489 487 486 485 484 483 481 480 479 478 477 476 guidance of Hippias. They are defeated at Marathon by the Athenians under the command of Miltiades. Aeschylus fought at the battle of Mara- thon, aet. 35. Miltiades attempts to conquer Naxus, but is repulsed. He is accused, and, unable to pay the fine, in which he was condemned, is thrown into prison, where he died. Panyasis the poet, the uncle of Herodo- tus, flourished. Chionides, the Athenian comic poet, first exhibits. Revolt of Egypt from the Persians in the fourth year after the battle of Marathon. Xerxes, king of Persia, succeeds Dareius. Gelon becomes master of Syracuse. Egypt reconquered by the Persians. Herodotus born. Aeschylus gains the prize in tragedy. Achaeus, the tragic poet, bom. Ostracism of Aristeides. He was recalled from banishment three years afterwards. Thcmistocles, the leading man at Athens. He persuades his countrymen to build a fleet of 200 ships, that they might be able to resist the Persians. Xerxes invades Greece. He set out from Sardis at the beginning of the spring. The battles of Thermopylae and Artemisium were fought at the time of the Olympic games. The Athenians deserted their city, which was taken by Xerxes. The battle of Salamis, in which the fleet of Xerxes was destroyed, was fought in the autumn. Birth of Euripides. Pherecydes of Athens, the historian, flourished. After the return of Xerxes to Asia, Mardo- nius, who was left in the command of the Persian army, passed the winter in Thes- saly. In the spring he marches south- ward and occupies Athens ten months after its occupation by Xerxes, At the battle of Plataeae, fought in September, he is defeated by the Greeks under the com-' mand of Pausanias. On the same day the Persian fleet is defeated off^ Mycale by the Greek fleet. Sestos besieged by the Greeks in the autumn and surrendered in the fol- lowing spring. Antiphon, the Athenian orator, bom. Choerilus of Samos, the epic poet, pro- bably born. Sestos taken by the Greeks. Hieron suc- ceeds Gelon. The history of Herodotus terminates at the siege of Sestos. In consequence of the haughty conduct of Pausanias, the maritime allies place them- selves under the supremacy of Athens. Commencement of the Athenian ascendency or empire, which lasted about seventy years — sixty -five before the ruin of the Athenian affairs in Sicily, seventy-three before the capture of Athens by Lysander. Epicharmus, the comic poet, flourished in the reign of Hieron. Cimon, commanding the forces of the Athe-