Dissen, in his admirable essay, "De Ratione Poetica Carminum Pindaricorum, &c." prefixed to his edition of Pindar, an essay which deserves, and will well repay the attentive perusal of the student. The metres of Pindar are too extensive and difficult a subject to admit of explanation in the present work. No two odes possess the same metrical structure. The Doric rhythm chiefly prevails, but he also makes frequent use of the Aeolian and Lydian as well.
The Editio Princeps of Pindar was printed at the Aldine press at Venice in 1513, 8vo., without the Scholia, but the same volume contained likewise the poems of Callimachus, Dionysius, and Lycophron. The second edition was published at Rome by Zacharias Calliergi, with the Scholia, in 1515, 4to. These two editions, which were taken from different families of manuscripts, are still of considerable value for the formation of the text. The other editions of Pindar published in the course of the sixteenth century were little more than reprints of the two above-named, and therefore require no further notice here. The first edition, containing a new recension of the text, with explanatory notes, a Latin version, &c. was that published by Erasmus Schmidius, Vitembergae, 1616, 4to. Next appeared the edition of Joannes Benedictus, Salmurii, 1620, 4to., and then the one published at Oxford, 1697, fol. From this time Pindar appears to have been little studied, till Heyne published his celebrated edition of the poet at Göttingen in 1773, 4to. A second and much improved edition was published at Göttingen in 1798—1799, 3 vols. 8vo., containing a valuable treatise on the metres of Pindar by Godofred Hermann. Heyne's third edition was published after his death by G. H. Schäfer, Leipzig, 1817, 3 vols. 8vo. But the best edition of Pindar is that by A. Böckh, Leipzig, 1811—1821, 2 vols. 4to., which contains a most valuable commentary and dissertations, and is indispensable to the student who wishes to obtain a thorough insight into the musical system of the Greeks, and the artistic construction of their lyric poetry. The commentary on the Nemean and Isthmian odes in this edition was written by Dissen. Dissen also published in the Bibliotheca Graeca a smaller edition of the poet, Gotha, 1830, 2 vols. 8vo., taken from the text of Böckh, with a most valuable explanatory commentary. This edition is the most useful to the student from its size, though it does not supersede that of Böckh. A second edition of Dissen's is now in course of publication under the care of Schneidewin: the first volume has already appeared, Gotha, 1843. There is also a valuable edition of Pindar by Fr. Thiersch, Leipzig, 1820, 2 vols. 8vo., with a German translation, and an important introduction. The text of the poet is given with great accuracy by Th. Bergk in his Poetae Lyrici Graeci, Leipzig, 1843. The translations of Pindar into English are not numerous. The most recent is by the Rev. H. F. Cary, London, 1833, which is superior to the older translations by West and Moore.
(The histories of Greek literature by Müller, Bernhardy, Bode, and Ulrici; J. G. Schneider, Versuch über Pindar's Leben und Schriften, Strasburg, 1774, 8vo; Mommsen, Pindaros. Zur Geschichte des Dichters, &c., Kiel, 1845, 8vo; Schneidewin's Life of Pindar, prefixed to the second edition of Dissen's Pindar.)
PI'NDARUS, the frcedman of C. Cassias Lon-
ginus,put an end to his master's life at the request
of the latter after the loss of the battle of Philippi.
(Dion Cass, xlvii. 46 ; Appian, B. C. iv. 113; Pint.
A?it. 22, Brut. 43 ; Val. Max. vi. 8. § 4.)
PINNA, CAECILIUS, one of the Roman
commanders in the Social or Marsic war, is said
to have defeated the Marsi in several battles, in
conjunction with L. Murena (Liv. EpiL 76).
As this Caecilius Pinna is not mentioned else-
where, it is conjectured that we ought to read
Caecilius Pius, since we know that Caecilius
Metellus Pius played a distinguished part iu this war.
PINNES, PINNEUS, or PINEUS, was the
son of Agron, king of Illyria, by his first wife,
Triteuta. At the death of Agron (b. c. 231),
Pinnes, who was then a child, was left in the
guardianship of his step-mother Teuta, whom
Agron had married after divorcing Triteuta. When
Teuta was defeated by the Romans, the care of
Pinnes devolved upon Demetrius of Pharos, who
had received from the Romans a great part of
the dominions of Teuta, and had likewise married
Triteuta, the mother of Pinnes. Demetrius uas
in his turn tempted to try his fortune against
Rome, but was quickly crushed by the consul, L.
Aemilius Paulus, b. c. 219, and was obliged to
fly for refuge to Philip, king of Macedonia. The
Romans placed Pinnes upon the tlirone, but im-
posed a tribute, which we read of their sending
for in B. c. 216. (Dion Cass, xxxiv. 46, 151 ;
Appian, lUi/r. 7, 8 ; Flor. ii. 5 ; Liv. xxii. 33.)
[Agron ; Demetrius of Pharos ; Teuta.]
PINNES or PINNETES, one of the principal
Pannonian chiefs in the reign of Augustus, was
betrayed to the Romans by the Breucian Bato.
(Dion Cass. Iv. 34 ; Veil. Pat. ii, 114.)
PI'NNIUS, the name of two unimportant
persons, Q. Pinnius, a friend of Varro {R. R.
iii. 1), and T. Pinnius, a friend of Cicero {ad
Fam. xiii. 61).
PI'NTHIA, M. LUTA'TIUS, a Roman
eques, lived about a century before the downl'al
of the republic. (Cic. de Off.' in. 19).
PIN US, CORNE'LIUS, a Roman painter,
who, with Attius Priscus, decorated with paint-
ings the walls of the temple of Honos and Virtus,
when it was restored by Vespasian. He therefore
lived about A. D. 70. (Plin. II. N. xxxv. 10. s.
37.) [P. S.]
PI'NYTUS (riifUTos), an epigrammatic poet,
the author of an epitaph on Sappho, consisting of
a single distich, in the Greek Anthology. (Brunck,
Anal. vol. ii. p. 288 ; Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. ii.
p. 264.) Nothing more is known of him, unless he
be the grammarian of Bithynium in Bithynia, who
was the freedman of Nero's favourite, Epaphrodi-
tus, and who taught grammar at Rome. (Stepli.
Byz. s. V. BidvuLou ; Reimar. ad Dio7i. Cass. Ixvii.
14, p. 1113.) [P.S.]
PI'ONIS (ntoj/(s), a descendant of Heracles,
from whom the town of Pionia in Mysia was be
lieved to have derived its name. (Strab.xiii. p. 61
Pans. ix. 18. §3.) [L. S.]
PIP A, the wife of Aeschrion of Syracuse, wi
the mistress of Verres in Sicily (Cic. Verr. iii.
33, V. 31).
PIPA, or PIPARA, daughter of Attains, king
of the Marcomanni, was passionately beloved by
Gallienus. TrebelUus Pollio confounds hor with
Salonina, the lawful wife of that prince, and Gib-
