Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 3.djvu/62

50 ORIGENES. in the course of the article. Their notices have been collected and arranged by various modern writers : as Huet {Origeniana^ lib. i.) ; Cave (Apostolici, or Lives of the Primitive Fathers, and Hist. Litt. ad a.d. 230, vol. i. p. 112, ed. Oxon. 1740 — 3) ; Doucin {Hist. De VOrigenisme^ liv. i. ii.) ; Tillemont (Mewoires, vol. iii. p. 494, &c.) ; I)upin {Nouvelle BiUioth. Trois Premiers Siecles, vol.i, p. 326, &c. 8vo. Paris, 1698, &c.) ; Oudin {De Scriptorib. Eccles. vol. i. col. 231, &c.) ; Ceillier (Auteurs Sacres, vol. ii. p. 584) ; Fabricius f^^Bibl. Graec. vol. vii. p. 201, &c.) ; and Neander (Church History^ vol. ii. p. 376, &c. Rose's trans- lation). Works. T. Editions of the Old Testament. Origen prepared two editions of the Old Testa- ment, known respectively as Tetrapla^ " TJie Four- fold,'' and Heacapla, " TJie Six-fold.'* To the latter the names Octapla, " The Eight- fold,"' and En- neapla, " The Nine-fold,"" have been sometimes given ; but the last name is not found in any ancient writer. There is a difference also in the form of these names. Origen himself, Eusebius, and Jerome use the plural forms rerpaTrAa, Tetrapla, and e^airAa, Hexapla ; but later writers use the sin- gular fonns, rerpairXovu, Tetraplum, and e|a7rA.o£»y, Heauplum. Epiphanius, in one place, speaks of e|a7rAos Tcis fiiSKovs, Sextuplices Libros. The names rerpaakKiBov, i^aaeAiSoy, oKraaeKiSov, Qua- druplex Columna (s. pagina), Seoduplex Columna, Octuplex Columna were also applied to the work by ancient writers. In one citation the name to TTivTaaiXiSov, Quintuples Columna, is found. In some cases a book of Scripture is cited thus: i^airXovs 'Upeixias, Sextuplex Hieremias, i. e. " Je- remiah in tJie Hexapla.' But this multiplicity of names must not mislead the reader into the supposi- tion that Origen prepared more than the two works, known respectively as the Tetrapla and Hexapla. Which of the two was first published has been a subject of great dispute with the learned. The text of Eusebius {H. E. vi. 16, ad fin.) is not set- tled in the place which refers to this point, nor ORIGENES. would be decisive if it was. Montfaucon {Praelim.. in Hexapla, c. iii.) has cited some passages from Origen and other writers, which indicate the pri- ority of the Tetrapla ; and the supposition that the less complete and elaborate work was the earlier is the more probable, especially if we receive the testi- mony of Epiphanius, that the Hexapla was finished at Tyre, during the time that Origen resided there. For as that residence appears to have extended only from the close of the Decian persecution to his death, it is not likely that he would have had either time or energy to publish the Tetrapla, though it would, indeed, have been only a portion of the Hexapla separated from the rest of the work. The Hexapla consisted of several copies of the Old Testament, six in some parts, seven in others, eight in others, and nine in a few, ranged in parallel columns. The first column to the right contained the Hebrew text in Hebrew characters, (i. e. those now in use, not the more ancient Samaritan letters,) the second the same text in Greek characters, the third the version of Aquila. the fourth that of Symmachus, the fifth the Septuagint, the sixth the version of Theodotion, the proximity of these several versions to the columns containing the Hebrew text being determined by their more close and literal adherence to the original ; and the seventh, eighth, and ninth columns being occupied by three versions, known from their position in this work as 77 TTC/iTTTrj KoX TJ CKTTJ Kul tJ cSSo/LtTJ €KSo(Tei?. Quinta, Sexta, et Septima Editiones, i. e. versions. Each of the first six columns contained all the books of the Old Testament, and these six complete columns gave to the work its title Hexapla: the other columns contained only some of the books, and principally the poetical books, and from them the work derived the titles of Ociapla and Enneapla, which were therefore only partially applicable. The assertion that the title Hexapla was given to the work on account of its having six Greek versions, we believe to be erroneous. We give as a specimen a passage from Habakkuk ii. 4, which is found in all the columns. To 'EgpotKoV. To 'E§paiKdu 'EAATjj/tKOis ypd/xfjiaariv. 'AKvXas. Xos. 01 0'. 0eo5o- E'. s-'. Z'. pn^f1 ovadSiK iSrj- HOvvaOci) leie. Kaios 4v iriarei avTov 6 S4 SiKaios TT) iav- Tov ■jrl(T- Tet frjo-et. 6 54 S'lKaios e/C TTlV- TCaiS (JLOV 6 d4 SUaios TTJ eav- TOV TTlV- T6J ^-^aei. 6 S4 S'lKaios TTJ iav- Tou iria- rei frjo-ei. 6 d4 SlKOtOS rfi 4av- rov Ttia- 6 54 Siicaios Tp 4av- TOV TTtV- T€i frjo-ei. The Tetrapla contained the four versions, the Septuagint, and those of Aquila, Symmachus, and Theodotion. Of the versions of Aquila, Symmachus, and Theodotion, an account is given under their re- spective names, and of the Septuagint there is a brief notice under Aristeas. Of the three remaining versions we give here a brief account. The Quinta Ediiio, according to Epiphanius {De Mensuris ei Ponderib., c. 17, 18), and the author of the Synopsis S. Scripturae, which is ascribed to Athanasius, was found at Jericho in a wine jar, by one of the learned men of Jerusalem ; and Epiphanius adds the date of the discovery, the seventh year of Caracalla (a. d. 217 or 218). The Editio Sexta,^ according to the same authorities, was also found in a wine jar at Nicopolis, on the Ambracian gulf, in the reign of Alexander Severus. These dates would accord respectively with the time of Origen's first visits to Palestine and to Greece. Ancient writers, however, differ as to the discovery of these versions. Ac- cording to one passage in Jerome {Prologus in Exposit. Cantic. Canticor. secundum Origen.'), Origen himself stated, that the Quinta Editio was found at Nicopolis: according to Zonaras {Annal. xii. 11), the Septima was found at Jericho ; and according to Nicephorus Callisti, both the Sexta and Septima were found there. Eusebius states that one of the versions was found at Jericho and one at Nicopolis, but does not give their numbers. The difference between these authorities is owing more probably