SALVIDIENUS. fum Viennensem Libri VIII. cura lo. Alejcandn Brassicani Jureconsulti editi ac eruditis et cum primis Utilibus Scholiis illustrati. To this volume is appended a tract by some unknown person, attributed erroneously to Salvianus : " Anticimenon (i. e. avriKkijJiivwv) Libri III. in quibus Quaes- tiones Veteris ac Novi Testamenti de Locia in Speciem pngnantibus. III. Epistolae IX. ; addressed to friends upon familiar topics. These were first printed in the edition of the collected works published by P. Pithoeus, 8vo. Paris, 1580. Besides the above, the following, now lost, are mentioned by Gennadius: — -
. De Virginitalis bono ad Marcellum Libri III.
2. De eorum Praemio satis fadendo. A title evi- dently corrupt, which no critic has yet been able to restore by a satisfactory conjecture. 3. Ad Salonium Episcopum Liber I. 4. Eocpositionis esetremae Partis Libri Ecclesiastis ad Claudianum Episcopum Viennensem Liber I. 5. De Principio Genesis usque ad Conditionem Hominis Liber /., in verse. 6. De Sacramentis Liber I. 7. Several Homilies. The best editions of the collected works of Sal- vianus are those of P. Pithoeus, Bvo. Paris, 1580, frequently reprinted ; of Rittershusius, 8vo. Altorf. 1611 ; and, much superior to either, that of Balu- zius, Bvo. Paris, 1663, 1669, 1684 ; of which the last may be regarded as the standard. The different pieces will be found also in the Bib/ioiheca Patrum Maxima, vol. viii. p. 339, fol. Lugd. 1677 ; and in the Bibliotheca Patrum of Galland, vol. x. p. l,fol. Venet. 1774. (Gennadius, de Viris Illust. 67 ; Schonemann, Bibliothec. Patrum Lat. vol. ii. § 39 ; Bahr, Geschichte der Rom. Litterat, suppl. Band. 2te Abtheil. § 39 ; see also Heyne, Opuscula Academica, vol. vi.) [W. R.]
SALVIA'NUS, CALPU'RNIUS, accused Sex. Marius in A. d. 25, but having been rebuked by Tiberius for bringing forward the accusation, he was banished by the senate. (Tac. Ann. iv. 36. )
SALVIDIE'NUS ORFITUS. [Orfitus, Nos. 2, 4, 6.]
Q. SALVIDIENUS RUFUS, of equestrian rank, was of humble origin, and owed his elevation to the favour of Octavian, which he repaid with the basest ingratitude. He was with, Octavian at Apollonia, and is mentioned along with Agrippa as one of his confidential advisers on the assassination of Julius Caesar in B. c. 44 (Veil. Pat. ii. 59). He was soon employed by Octavian in the wars in which the latter forthwith became engaged. In B. c. 42 he commanded the fleet of Octavian against Sex. Pompeius, whose rising naval power had excited the apprehensions of the triumvirs. He succeeded in protecting the coasts of Italy from the ravages of Pompey's fleet, but in a battle fought off Brundusium imder the eyes of Octavian he was obliged to retire with loss. On Octavian 's return from Greece after the defeat of Brutus and Cassius, Salvidienus was sent into Spain, but before he had crossed the Alps he was summoned back to Italy to oppose L. Antonius and Fulvia, who had taken up arms against Octavian. In the struggle which ensued (b. c. 41 — 40), usually known by the name of the Perusinian war, Salvidienus took an active part as one of Octavian 's legates. At the conclusion of the war he was sent into Gallia Narbonensis. Notwithstanding the marks of confidence he had received from Octavian, who had even promised hira the consulship, he wrote to M. Antonius, offering to induce the troops in his province to desert from Octavian. His proposal came too late. Antonius, who had just been reconciled to Octavian, betrayed the treachery of Salvidienus. The latter was forthwith summoned to Rome on some pretext, and on his arrival was accused by Augustus in the senate, and condemned to death, b. c. 40. Livy relates that he put an end to his own life. (Appian, B. C. iv. 85, v. 20, 24, 27, 31—35, 66 ; Dion Cass, xlviii. 13, 18, 33 ; Liv. Epit. 123, 127 ; Veil. Pat. ii. 76 ; Suet. Oct. QQ.) The annexed coin was probably struck by Salvidienus. It bears on the obverse the head of Octavianus, with c. caesar hi. vir. r. p. c, and on the reverse Q. salvivs imp. cos. desig. The only difficulty in referring it to the preceding person is that he is here called Q. Salvius, while in the writers his name is always Q. Salvidienus. But, on the other hand, there is no Q. Salvius mentioned by any ancient writer to whom it can belong, while the consul designatus applies to Q. Salvidienus, as well as the time at which the coin was struck, namely, while Octavianus was triumvir. (Eckhel, voh v. p. 299.)
COIN OF Q. SALVIDIENUS RUFUS.
SA'LVIUS. 1. A literary slave of Atticus, is frequently mentioned in Cicero's correspondence. (Cic. ad Att. ix. 7, xiii. 44. § 3, xvi. 2. § 6, ad Fam. ix. 1 0, ad Q. Fr. iii. 1. § 6, iii. 2.) 1. A freedman, who corrupted the son of Hortensius. (Cic. ad Att. x. 18.) 2. Tribune of the plebs, B. c. 43, first put his veto upon the decree of the senate, which declared M. Antonius a public enemy, but was afterwards induced not only to withdraw his opposition, but to become a warm supporter of all the measures of Cicero. He was, in consequence, proscribed by the triumvirs towards the close of the year, and was put to death while he was entertaining some friends at a banquet. (Appian, B. C. iii. 50, &c., iv. 17.)
SA'LVIUS, the leader of the revolted slaves in Sicily, is better known by the name of Tryphoii, which he assumed. [Tryphon.] SA'LVIUS, artists, i. A statuarj', whose name is inscribed on the edge of the colossal bronze pine- apple, 16 Roman palms high, which stands in the great niche erected by Bramante, in the gardens of the Vatican, and which was found at the foot of the Mausoleum of Hadrian, when the foundations of the church of S. Maria della Transpontina were being prepared. Hence it is inferred, with great probability, that this pine-apple formed originally the ornamental apex of the Mausoleum of Hadrian. If this conjecture be true, we have of course the date of the artist. The inscription is, p. cin- cius. p. l. salvivs, which shows that the artist was a freedman. (Gruter, vol. i. p. clxxxvii.
