Editio Princeps (Balthazar Azoguidi), Bologna, 1471, 2 vols. fol. Also at Rome the same year (Sweynheym and Pannarz), 2 vols. fol. First Aldine edition, Venice, 1502, 3 vols. 8vo. Bersmann's edition, Leipsig, 1582, 3 vols. 8vo. Elzevir edition, by D. Heinsius, Leyden, 1629, 3 vols. 12mo. Variorum edition, by Cnippingius, Leyden, 1670, 3 vols. 8vo. In usum Delphini, Lyons, 1689, 4 vols. 4to. Burmann's edition, Amsterdam, 1727, 4 vols. 4to.; this is reckoned the best edition. By Mitscherlich, Göttingen, 1798, 2 vols, large 8vo. Burmann's text, but no notes. By J. A. Amar, Paris, 1820, 9 vols. 8vo. Part of Le Maire's Bibliotheca Latina: cum Notis Variorum, Oxford, 1825, 5 vols, large 8vo., Burmann's text and Bentley's MS. emendations, from his copy of Burmann's edition in the British Museum. These emendations are also printed in an appendix to Le Maire's edition. By J. C. Jahn, Leipsig, 1828, 2 vols. 8vo.
The following are some editions of separate pieces:—Metamorphoses, by Gierig, Leip. 1784. The same, cura Jahn, Leip. 1817, 2 vols. 8vo.; by Loers, Leip. 1843, 8vo. Fasti, by Merkel, Berlin, 1841, 8vo. Tristia, by Oberlin, Strasburg, 1778, 8vo.; by Loers, Trev. 1839, 8vo. Amatoria (including Heroïdes, Ars Am. &c.) by Wernsdorf, Helmstadt, 1788 and 1802, 2 vols. 8vo.; by Jahn, Leip. 1828. Heroïdes, by Loers, Cologn. 1829, 8vo. There is a learned French commentary on the Heroïdes, by Bachet de Meziriac, the Hague, 1716, 2 vols. 8vo. (2d ed.)
Ovid has been translated into most of the European languages. Among English metrical versions may be mentioned the Metamorphoses, by Arthur Golding, London, 1567, 4to.; the same, Englished in verse, mythologized, and represented in figures, by G. Sandys, Oxford, 1626, fol.; the same by various hands, viz. Dryden, Addison, Gay, Pope, and others, edited by Dr. Garth, who wrote the preface, London 1717 fol. This translation has gone through several editions. The same in blank verse, by Howard, London, 1807, 8vo. Ovid's Elegies, in three books, by C. Marlowe, 8vo. Middleburg. The Epistles, by G. Turbervile, London, 1569. The Heroical Epistles, and Ex Ponto, by Wye Saltonstall, London, 1626. The Epistles, by several hands, viz. Otway, Settle, Dryden, Earl Mulgrave, and others, with a preface by Dryden, London, 1680 (several subsequent editions). The Fasti, by J. Gower, Cambridge, 1640, 8vo.
Besides the two ancient memoirs of Ovid commonly prefixed to his works, several short accounts of his life, by Aldus Manutius, Paulus Marsus, Ciofani, and others, are collected in the 4th vol. of Burmann's edition. In the same place, as well as in Lemaire's edition, will be found Masson's Life, originally published at Amsterdam in 1708. This is one of the most elaborate accounts of Ovid, but too discursive, and not always accurate. There is a short sketch in Crusius' Lives of the Roman Poets. By far the best Life is the Italian one by the Cavaliere Rosmini, Milan, 1821, 2 thin vols. 8vo. (2nd ed.) [T. D.]
OVI′DIUS JUVENTI′NUS. [Juventinus.]
OVI′NIUS. 1. The proposer of a plebiscitum, of uncertain date, which gave the censors certain powers in regulating the list of the senators. Respecting the provisions of this law, see Dict. of Ant. s. v. Lex Ovinia.
2. Q. Ovinius, a Roman senator, was put to death by Octavianus on the conquest of M. Antonius and Cleopatra, because he had disgraced himself by taking charge of the lanificium and textrinum of the Egyptian queen. (Oros. vi. 19.)
3. Ovinius Camillus, a senator of an ancient family, had meditated rebellion against Alexander Severus, but instead of being punished was kindly treated by this emperor. (Lamprid. Alex. Sev. 48.)
4. L. Ovinius Rusticus Cornelianus, consul A. D. 237, with P. Titius Perpetuus (Fasti).
O′VIUS, a contemporary of Cicero mentioned by him in B. C. 44 (ad Att. xvi. 1. § 5).
O′VIUS CALA′VIUS. [Calavius, No. 1.]
O′VIUS PA′CCIUS. [Paccius.]
OXATHRES (Ὀξάθρης), a Persian name, which is also written Oxoathres and Oxyathres, and is frequently confounded or interchanged both by Greek and Latin writers with Oxartes and Oxyartes. Indeed, it is probable that these are all merely different forms of the same name. (See Ellendt, ad Arrian. Anab. iii, 8. § 8 ; Mützell, ad Curt. viii. 4. § 21.)
1. A younger brother of Artaxerxes II. Mnemon king of Persia. He was treated with kindness by his brother, and even admitted to the privilege of sharing the king's table, contrary to the usual etiquette of the Persian court. (Plut. Artax. 1, 5.) Ctesias (Pers. 49, ed. Baehr) calls him Oxendras.
2. Brother of Dareius III. Codomannus. He was distinguished for his bravery, and in the battle of Issus, B. C. 333, took a prominent part in the combat in defence of the king, when attacked by the Macedonian cavalry under Alexander himself. (Diod. xvii. 34; Curt. iii. 11. §8.) He afterwards accompanied Dareius on his flight into Bactria, and fell into the hands of Alexander during the pursuit, but was treated with the utmost distinction by the conqueror, who even assigned him an honourable post about his own person; and subsequently devolved upon him the task of punishing Bessus for the murder of Dareius. (Diod. xvii. 77; Curt. vi. 2. §§ 9, 11, vii. 5. § 40; Plut. Alex. 43.) He was the father of Amastris queen of Heracleia. (Memnon, c. 4. ed. Orell.; Arr. Anab. vii. 4. § 7; Strab. xii. p. 544; Steph. Byz. s. v. Ἄμαστρις.)
3. Son of Abulites, the satrap of Susiana under Dareius Codomannus, commanded the contingent furnished by his father to Dareius at the battle of Arbela, B. C. 331. On the approach of Alexander to Susa, Oxathres was sent to meet him and bear the submission of Abulites: he was favourably received, and soon after appointed to the government of Paraetacene, which he held until the return of Alexander from India, when he was put to death by the king for maladministration of his province. According to Plutarch, Alexander slew him with his own hand. (Arr. Anab. iii. 8, 16, 19, vii. 4; Curt. v. 2. § 8; Diod. xvii. 65; Plut. Alex. 68.)
4. A son of Dionysius tyrant of Heracleia and of Amastris, the daughter of No. 2. He succeeded, together with his brother Clearchus, to the sovereignty of Heracleia on the death of Dionysius, B. C. 306: but the government was administered by Amastris during the minority of her two sons. Soon after the young men had attained to manhood and taken the direction of affairs into their own hands, they caused their mother to be put to
