Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/201

ABACU. tompmtinily dumnutiTe, and 5 or 6 miles higlser lip, is kst aiooog the hills. This is the present cooditioB of the riTsr, as described hy Lieutenant Volfr.vho Tisited it in 1830. (Jommal of the Geo- yra pkk a i 5beiefy, toL iiL p. 81.) ARA'CIA CAfWJcia, Ptol. vL 4. § 8; Plin. vi.25), an isbnd <^ the coast of Persb, which appears ima Ptolemy to have borne also the name of Alex- ai^ Insnlnl [V.] ABACILLUM (AradOloa, near FonHbre and Jteytaaayy a town of the Cantabri, in Hispania Tar- neoDcnsw, not to be confounded with A&acbli. (Ores. Ti. 21 ; Fiona, W. 22.) [P. S.] ARAGYNTUUS CA/^dirvytfoT : ZtfffOi), a nin|;e of motmtams in AetoUa running in a south-easterly ifirMtiao from the Achelons to the Evenus, and tcpanttiog the lower plain of Aetolia near the sea fi^ the Helper plain above the lakes Hjria and TrieboiisL (Strab. pp. 450, 460; Dionys. Perieg. 491; Leaike, Northern Greece, toI. i. p. 121.) PfiBj (it. 2. § 3) and Solinus (7. § 22) erroneouslj csQ Ancynthns a mountain of Acamania. If we caa trust the authority of later writers and of the Bonian poete, there was a mountain of the name of AnbCTiithas both in Boeotia and in Attica, or per- haps CD the frontiers of the two countries. Thus Stephanas B. («. v.) and Servius (ad Virg. Eel. ii. 24) speak of a Boeotian AracynUius; and Sextus EmpiricQs (adv. Gramm, c 12. p. 270), Lutatius {i^SlaL Tkeb. iL 239), and Vibius Sequester (de MomL PL 27) mention an Attic Aiacynthus. The uoiuitiin is connected with the Boeotian hero Am- phioD both by Propertius (iii. 13. 42) and by Viipl {EcL iL 24) ; and the line of Virgil — ** Amphion Dirraros in Aetaeo Aracyntho" — would seem to plate the mountain on the frontiers of Boeotia and Attica. (Ckmip. Brandstater, Die Geech, des Aetol. LmdeM, p. 108.) ARAD (^ApiX a city of the Canaanites in the S. cf Palestine, in the neighbonriiood of the wilderness of Kade^ When the Israelites were in the moun«  taias cf Seir, at the time of Aaron's deatli, the king of And attacked them, and took some of them pri- socen. (Jfwnh. sxL 1, zzziii. 40; Judget^ i 16.) The dty was consequently devoted to destruction by tbe Israelites; hot the accomplishment of their vow (^Smmb. zzL 3) is only recorded by anticipation, for it was cxecnted nnder Joshua (J<^ zii. 14). £u- •einis and Jerome place Arad 20 M. P. from Hebron and 4 firon Malatha. Dr. Robinson identifies it, on the «n^oiind of the general agreement in position and the kientity cf name, with an eminence on the road finn Petra to llebrcm, called Tell 'Arad. (Re- Morehee, voL ni. p. 12.) [P. S.] A'BADEN CApoS^i' : Eth, 'ApoS^ms, Steph. B. #. v.), a city of Crete, formerly called Anopolis. In Kiepert*s map it appears on the SW. coast of the iskrnd, near the Phoraix Portus. Remains of an- riest walls are found at the modem AnopolU. (Pa^hley, Crete, vol. ii. p. 235.) [£. B. J.] A'BADUS. 1. {h 'AptOos : Eth. 'ApaScor, Ara- dins: O.T. Arvad, Arvadite, Gen. x. 18, 1 Chron. I 16; 'ApoSiM LXX.: Huad), an Island off the N. raast of Phoenicia, at a distance of 20 stadia from the mainland. (Strab. p. 753.) Pluiy (v. 17), in eadmatinj^ this distance at only 200 paces, falls ahmt of the tme measnrement (peihaps we should nad 2.S00 paces; see Tzschucke, ad Pomp. Mel. ii. 7. 1 6). Strabo (L c.) describes it as a rock rinng fnm the midst of the waves, 7 stadia in cir- Modem travellers state that it is ARADUS. 185 of oblong shape, with a slight rise totrards the centre and steep on every side. Though a rock rather than an island, it was extremely pq>u]oas, and, contrary to Oriental custom, tibe houses had many stories. Accordinj^ to Strabo, it owed its foundation to Sidonian ezHes. (Comp. Joseph. Ant. i. 6. § 2.) The city of Aiadus was next in im- portance af);er Tyre and Sidon. Like other Phoe- nician cities, it was at first mdcpendent, and had its own kings; and it would seem that the strip of land extending from Faltus to Simyra was dependent upon it. In the time of the prophet Ezekiel (xxvii. 8, 11) it supplied Tyre with soldiers and sailors. Along with Uie rest oif Phoenicia, it became subject to Persia. Afterwards, during the campaign d Alexander, Gerostratus, king of Arodus, was serving in the Persian fieet under Autophradates, when his son Straton submitted to the conqueror. Gerostratus assisted the Macedonians at the siege of Tyre. (Arrian, Anab. i. 1 3, 20.) It fell into the hands of the family of the Lagidae, when Ptolemy Soter, B. c 320, seized on Phoenicia and Coele Syria. Its wealth and importance was greatly increased by the rights of asylum they obtained fitnn Seleucus Calli- nicus, B. o 242, whom they had supported against Antiochus Hicrax; so much so that it was enabled to enter into an alliance wi^ Antiochus the Great. (Pol. V. 68.) Whence it may be inferred that it had previously become independent, probably in the war between Ptolemy Philadelphus and Antiochus Theos. The £Eict of its autonomy is certain from coins. (See Eckhel, vol. iii. p. 393.) AH thes^ advantages were lost under Antiochus Epiphanes, who, on his rebim from Aeg}'pt, took possession of the town and district, (Hieronym. in Dan. xi.) In the war between Antiochus Grypus and Antio- chus Gyzieenus it declared iteelf in fitvour of the latter; and when he was slain by Seleucus, Antio- chus Enscbcs, his son, found shelter there, and by its aid, in concert with other cities, maintained him- self with varying success, till Syria submitted to Tigranes king of Armenia, and finally came under the domini(m of Rome. In common with the rest of the province, it was mixed up in the Civil Wars. (Appian, B. C. iv. 69, v. 1.) Ccdns of Arodus, ranging from Domitian to Elagabalus, are enume- rated in Eckhel (I. c). Under Constans, Md awiyah, the lieutenant of the khalif Omar, destroyed the city, and expelled the inhabitants. (Cedren. Hist. p. 355; Theophan. p. 227.) As the town was never rebuilt, it is only the island which is men- ti<Hied by the historians of the Crusades. Tarsus was said to be a colony from Aradus. (Dion Chrys. OtxU. Taraen. ii. p. 20, ed. Reiske.) A maritimo population of about 3,000 souls occupies the seat of this once busy and industrious hive. Portions of the old double Phoenician walls are still found on the NE. and SE. of the island, and the rock is per- forated by the dstems of which Strabo speaks. The same author (see Groskurd's note, p. 754) minutely describes the contrivance by which the inhabitant drew their water from a submarine source. Though the tradition has been lost, the boatmen of Huad still draw fresh water from the spring Ain Ibrahim in the sea, a few rods from the shore of the oppoedte coast Mr. Walpole (The Antatfrii, vol. iii. p. 391) found two of these springs. A few Greek inscrip- tions, taken from columns of black basalt, which, as there is no trap rock in the island, must have been brought over from the mainland, are given (in the Biblioikeca SacrOy New York, vol. v. p. 252) by