Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/473

BUCINOBANTES. Levanzo [Aeqatbs]. Steph. Byz. calls Baciiuia (BoviciKf'a) a town of Sicily ; but ^ tills refer to the Bnciium of Plinj, it can hardl/ be Levimzo^ which apposuns to have been never inhabited by more than a few fishermen. (Smyth's 5u»/y, p. 247.) [E.H.B.] BUCINOBANTES, a German tribe of the Ale- manni, which appears to have occuped the coontiy on the right bank of the Rhine, opposite Mayence. (Amm. Marc xzix. 4; Notit. Imp.) [L. S.] BUCaLION (BovKoAlctfi/), a place m Arcadia of uncertain site, to which the Mantinelans retreated, when they were defeated by the Tegeatae in b. c. 423. Bat as the battle was probably fonght in the valley of the Alpheius, near the spot where Mega- lopolis was afterwards built, Bucolion must have been somewhere in this neighbourhood. (Thuc. iv. 134, with Arnold's note.) BUCOLORUM URBS (fiovK6w if6Kis a town on the sea-coast of Palestine, between Ace {Acre) and Stnito's Tower (Caesarea), mentioned only by Strabo (xvl p. 758). [G. W.] BUDAXIA, a town in Lower Pannonia, not iar frmn Siimiiun, was the birthplace of the emperor Decios. (Entrop. ix. 4; Aurel. Vict EpU, 29, who calls the plaoe Bubalia.) It is mentioned ako in several of the Itineraries. [L. S.] BUDEIUM (BovSciof), a town of Thessaly men- taoned by Homer (JL xvi. 572), called Budeia^ (Bo^cia) by later writers, and described as a town of Magnesia. (Lycophr. 359 ; Steph. B. s. v.) BU'DII (Bot^ioi, Herod. L 101 ; Steph. B.). He- rodotus mentions among the tribes by whom Media was inhabited the Budii and the Busae. (Bovo-of : see also Steph. t. o.) It is quite uncertain in what part of that country they dwelt Bitter {Erdk. vol. iL pp. 896, 799, 902) conjectures that they, as well as the Magi, belonged to the Priest-caste, sup- posing them (though without any apparent reason) to have been worshippers of Buddha. [V.] BUDI'NI (BovSivoi), a people of Sarmatia Asia- tica, according to the division of the later ancient geographers, but within the limits of Europe, accord- ing to the modem division; of whom almost all we know is found in Herodotus. According to his view (iv. 21 ), Scythia does not extend, on the N. and N£., further than the TanaSs (/>ofi). Beyond Uiis river, the first district was that of the Sauromatae (Sar- matians), beginning from the innoinost recess (/iv- Xi^ of the Lake Maeetis (Maeotb, Sea of Azovy, and extending for 15 days* journey to the N. over a country bare of trees. Beyond them, the Budini in- habit Uie second region, which is well wooded; and beyond them, on the N., is first a desert, for seven days' journey ; and beyond the desert, inclining somewhat to the £., dwell the Thyssagetae, among whom four great rivers take their rise, and flow through the Maeetae (Maeotae) into the lake Maeetis (Maeotis), namely the Lycns, Oams, Tanais, and Syigis, of which the Oarus is 8Ui^[K)sed to be the Volg€L, and the Lycus and Syrgis either the Owed and the Outteny or else tributaries of the VoigcL (Herod, iv. 22, 123 : the course of the Volga, before its sudden turn to the S£., might very easily sug- gest the mistake of its falling into the Sea of Azov instead of the Caspian.) Besides this general state- ment of their position, Herodotus gives elsewhere a particular account of the Budini (iv. 108, 109). They were a great and numerous people, ymtK6v re WW Urxvp&s i*rrl icoi irv^v^ words which we give in the original on account of the great diversity of opinitms respecting their meaning. Some translate BTJDINL 455 them, '^ with bine eyes and a ruddy complexion,'* others " with bine eyes and red hair," others " hav- ing a bluish and ruddy colour all over (vov)," while others take them to refer to the custom of painting the body, which is distinctly stated to have previuled among tribes closely connected with the Budini, the Gbloni and Aoathyksi. They had a city, built entirely of wood, the name of which was Gelonus; in which were temples of the Greek divinities, fitted up in the Greek fashion, with images and altars and shrines of wood. They celebrated a triennial festiviU to Dionysus, uid peiformed Bacchic rites. These points of Hellenism are explained by Herodotus from the clos>e association of the Budini with the Geloni, which he regards as originally Greeks, who had left the Grecian settlements on the Euxine, and gone to dwell among the Budini, and who, though speaking the Scythian language, observed Greek customs in other respects. The Budini, however, difiered from the Geloni, both in their language and in their mode of life, as well as their origin ; for the Budini were indigenous, and were nomads, and eat lice (the true translation of tpdeiporpceytovatj see the commen- tators, Baehr, &c.), while the Geloni were an agri- cultural people: they differed also in form and com- plexion. The Greeks, hovrever, confounded the two people, and called the Budini GelonL The countiy of the Budini was covered with forests of all sorts, in the largest of which was a great lake, and a marsh, surrounded by reeds, and here were caught otters and beavers and other animals with square faces (Terpaywy<nrp6fftnra whose skins were used as cloaks, and parts of their bodies for medicinal purposes. Again, he tells us (iv. 122, 123), that when Darius invaded S<grthia, he pursued the Scy- thians as far as the country of the Budini, whose wooden city the Persians burnt; although their long was in the camp as an ally, having joined Darius through enmity to the Scythians (iv. 1 19). Mela (i. 19. § 19) gives to the Budini only a few words, in which, as usual, be follows Herodotus. Pliny mentions them, with the Nenri, Geloni, Thys- sageiaCf and other tribes, as on the W. side of the Palus Maeotis (iv. 12. s. 26). Ptolemy mentions, in European Sarmatia, W. of the Tanais, a people named Bodini {Btoiiyoi or BwBnroC) and a mountain of the same name (rh BovHivhif or Botiit^if 6pos) near the sources of the Borysthenes (iii. 5. §§ 15, 24). Few peoples have given more exerdse to the critical skill or invention of geographers and ethno- logists than the Budini. As to their ethnical aiB- nities, some, insisting on their (supposed) blue eyes and fair hair, and finding a resemblance, in their name and position, to the Butones of Strabo (vii. p. 290, where Kramer reads Toirwvai), the Gut- tones of Pliny (iv. 14), and the Batini of Ptolemy (ii. 11. § 20), take them for the original GoUiic ancestora of the Germans, and derive their name from that of the god Odin or Wodan (Mannert, Gtogr. vol. iii. pp. 9 et seq., 15 et seq., 493, vol. iv. pp. 103, 108); othen, from the marahy woodlands, in which they dwelt, identify them with the Wends, whose name is derived from water, and can be easily transmuted, by known etymological equivalents, into Budini, thus, Wenda (Polish) » Woda (Sck- vonic), and W becomes B in Greek (Worbs, in Ersch and Gruber's jfi^fiq^ib^opae^, e.v.) ; while Ritter, referring back their Hellenic customs, and their worship of Dionysus, to their Asiatic originals, and deriving their name from Buddha, boldly brings them to the support of his theory respecting OQ 4