CAtRESL Ifd dnim Ibence to join ibe Via ClodU at Carcise. (G»U, Top. of Rome, p. 12.) Tile aotiqaitiea of Caen, and the larioua worka cf art dLfiVorerad Uiere, are fullj described bj Deniiis (fimrio, ti>1. i>. p. 17—63). Sm alsu Canina (Diwnniw di Cers ontica, Roma, IS33), and tiriti (JfoniDiKnti lii Cera aotico, Kuma, 1841). Tbe anneied ^an u copied fiom that giren by Denaia. [E.H.B,] CAERESI or CAEBAESI (Cenei, O™. vi, 7, HaTerkimp's note), a people mendoncd b; Caesar {B. G. iL4) Hith the Coiidru^, Ebnronea, and Fae- niarii, aod be calk [hem Gennans. The poDitioii of the Caereai can onlj be conjectared. There j» a river Cliiert, which riaea In LutetiiKmrg, and flows into the Maai betwoeii ifatam and Stdan; and i« conjecluivd bj D'Anrille that thii nver ma; i dicale the pnstioa ot the Ciereai. The Cogdn wereiaConiinrt. in the territory of /.iesic Walcke- naer placet the Caeiesi in the Carolgau, the Pafi dt Caroi of the middle a^, between Bullange, Ker- pen, and frugat. Kerpta ia on the Erfft. which jwiB the Rhine on the left bank, below Cologne, near A'cun. He adds, thej are thai situated near the Coodr^iu and the Eburonra, as the leiC of Caesar Caesar is not very particular aWt his order of eno- meration in auch a case as this. The exact tile of these people most remain doubtful. [G. L.] CAESARAUGUSTA ^Kmaapauyairra, Utrai,. Hi. pp. 151, 161, tea ; Mela, ii. 6 ; l>lin. ili. 3. s. 4 i Itim. AtU.), ot CAESABEA AUGUSTA {Kamifia AuyovdTa, Ptol. iL G. § fi3i Auson. Epitt. uiv. Si; Inscr. op. Golt. TAaaar. p. 239: coins Kenerally haie c. A., Caes. auousta, or CAEHAR. AUOU8TA, whenco it inaj perhaps be in- ferred that tlw comnton shorter form has arisen from runnine together the two parts of the last-mentioned abbreiiadon; non Zaragoia, merely a corroption of tbe ancient name; in Enjilisli works often Sara- gmta), one of the chief inland cities of llispania Tarraconenus, sbwd on the right bank of the river Iberus (£*™), in the country of the Edelani (I'lin, Ptol.), on the bonlcra of Cel^betia (Strab.). Its ori^nal nanie was Salduba, which was changed in honour of Augustus, who coloniiad it after the Can- labrian War, B. c SS, (PUn. L c; laid. OHg. zv. 1). It was a coIoBia mimmu, and the seat of a amretUut jvridUia, including ISS communities (^popiilot chi., Phn.) It was the centre of nearly ail the great reads leading lo the Pyrenees and all parts of Spain, (/(in. AaL pp. 392, 433, 43S, 439, 443, 444, 446, 446, 491, 452). Its coins, which are more nnmerou* than tbwe of almost any other ^lush cily, range from Augustus to Caligula. (Florei, Etp. S. vol. iv. p. 2 J4 ; iltd. dt Etp. vol. i. p. 186, vol. ii. p. 636, vol. iii. p. IS; Eckliel, tuL i. pp. 36—39 Seslinl, Mtd. Itp. p. 1 14 ; Itasche,
- . P.). There are no muis of the anctcnt city, ita
materiala luivuig hrcn entirely used np by (he Moora and Spaniards. (Ford, J/aaiibook of Sj/aiit, p. S80.) The first Ctirijiian poet, Aureliiis rradenljus, is 346); but some assign the honour ^ Calagurris (CaZoAurra). The place is one of Ptolemy's points ofrecunled astronomical obserrBlions, having l.'ijj hours in its lungcst dav, and being distant 3^ hours W. rf Alexandria (Ptol. viii. 4. § i). [P. S.] CAEMAIiE'A, in the Mariti]nc Itinerary, is one I of ibe islandii tril' llie norlii-weit const of Fiance, the | tl CAESABEIA. 4S9^ name of which Is eurrupled into Jertef. (D'An- ville. A-ofice, 4c.) [G. L.] CAESAREIA (KouroiHia ; Elk. Kaxauftit). i . (Kaiiarii/ri), a city of the district Ciilciain Cap- padocia, at ihe base of the mountain Ai^iaeus. It WIS originally called Maiaca, afterwards Euscbeia. (Sleph. I.v. Kaimititia, quoting Sliah. p. 537.) The site in the volcanic country at the foot of Argaeus espoeed the people to many inconveniences. It ^t^, however, iJie rnidenoe of the kings of Cappidocia. Tigranes. the ally of Mithridales the Great, took Ihe town (Stnb.p.S39; Apgaan, J/i(Ariilc.S7),and carried off Ihe people with other Capjadocuns to his new town Tigranoeerta; but some ot them returned atier (he Romans look Tigisnocerta, Strahohaaaslory that the people of Mataca used the code of Chsrondas and kept a law-man (vi>)Uft6i) to eip)ain (he law; his functions coiresponded to those of a Roman juris- consQltna {niuxis). The Komao emperor TiMriua, after the death of Archelaus, made Cappadocia a Roman province, and changed the name of JLIazaca to Caesaivia (Eutnp. vii. 11 ; Suidas, j. c. TiCfpiot). The change of name was made after SIrabo wrote his description of Cappodocia. The first writer who of Caei Pliny (.i.3): Ptolcmj. It was an important place nndcr the later empire. In the reign of Valerian it was taken by Sapor, who put to death many thousands of the citi- zens; at this time it was said to have a popula- tion of 400.000 (Zonar. lii. p. 630). Justinian af. terwards repaired Ihe walhi of Caisareia (Procop. AtiL V. 4). Csesarcia was Ibe metropolis of Csp- padocia from the time of Tiberius; and in the later division of Cappadocia into Prima and Secunda, il was the metropoUa of Cappadocia Prima. It was the birih-place of Basilius Ihe Great, vtbo became buthop of Caesareia. A. u. 370. There are many ruins, and much mhbish of an- cient constructions about Kataaryek. No coins with the epigr»[Ji Mazaca are known, but there are numerous medals with the ejngraph EuatSiia, and Kturro/ififl, and Kour. trpot Antun. Strabo, who ia ver7 particubr in his description of the positionofMauca, places itabout BOO stadia fnm Ihe Fontus, which must mean the province Pimtos; somewhat less than twice tbia distance from the EuF^raUa, and six days' journey from the Pylaa Ciliciae. He mentions a river llelas, about 40 stadia from the city, which flows into the Euphrates, which is manifestly a mistake [MuLAs] . S. or Bilhynia. Ptolemy (v. 1) gives it also the .me Smyrdaleia, or Smyidiane in the Cod. Palal., d in the old Ladn version, Dion Chrysnslom (O. '. p. 526, Rciske) mentions a small place of this. ino near Pruso. Stephanus (s. v. Kaiaiptut) does nut mention it, tliougb be adds that there are placet of this naine besides those Khtch he jna. The site is unknown.
