Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/534

516 CABCINITES. CINE (PtsD. W. 12. s. 26), CARdNITIS (Kapn- rtrif, HeroiL r. 55, 99; HeeaL ap. Steph. B. $. v.; Eth. KafMcaiTu), a city of Sarmatia Earopaea (or S<7thia, Mceonimg to Herodotas), near the moath of the river Hjpacyris (Herod, ir. 55), or, as later writen name the river, Carcinites (KapKodnis, Stiab. TiL p. 307; PtoL iil 5. §§ 8, 9; Plin. /. e.) This river fell into the golf of the same name (KapK<y{n|s K6JtroSj Strab. I c. ; Mela, ii I. § 40 ; Plin. L c; ilarcian. p. 55 ; Anon. Per. pp. 7, 9 ; formerly caDed Tafivpdmis k6tos : GtUf of Perdtop), which ties on the W. side of the isthmus of theChenonesus Taorica {Crimed), The river was rej^arded as the boandaiy between the ** Old Scythia " of Uerodotos (iv. 99) and Tanrica (comp. Plin. /. c, who calls the ooontiy W. of the river Scjthia Sendica). The river is ^enerallj supposed to be the small stream of KahaUehaL The site of the city cannot be determined with any cer- tainty. (Eichwald, Geoffr. d. Kasp. Meer. p. 305; Ukert, vol. iii. pt. ii pp. 164, 193, 438, 458.) [P.S.] CARCINITES FL. et SIN. [Cabcika.] CARCINITIS. [Carcwa.] CA'RCORAS {ViapK&pasi Gurh), a river of soathem Pannouia, flowing; from the heiprhts of Illy- ricnm into the Savns. (Stnib. vii. p. 314 ; Geo^. Bav. iv. 21, where it is called Corcac.) [L. S.] CARDAMYLE {KapBofi^Kri -. Eth, KapBa/w- Afnif ), a town of Messenia, and one of the seven places ofiered by Agamemnon to Achilles. (//. ix. 150, 292.) It was situated on a strong rocky height at the distance of seven stadia from the sea, and sixty from Leuctra. (Pans. iii. 26. § 7 ; Strab. viii. p. 360, seq.) It is called a Laconian town by Herodotus (viii. 73), since the whole of Messenia was included in the territories of Laoonia at the time of the histarian. It again became a town of Messenia on the restoration of the independence of the latter ; but it was finally separated from Mes- senia by Augustus, and annexed to Laconia. (Pans. /. e.) Pausanias mentions at Cardamyle sanctuaries of Athena and of Apollo Cameius ; and in the neighbourhood of the town a temenus of the Nereids. There are considerable ruins of the town to the NE. of the modem Skardhamulay at the distance of 1300 (French) metres from the sea. (Comp. Plin. iv. 5. s. 8 ; Ptol. iii. 16. § 22 ; Steph. B. *. v.; Leake, Morea, vol. 1. p. 329, seq.; Bob- laye, Recherchee, p. 93.) CAHDIA (Ka^(a: Candid), one of the chief towns of the Thracian Chersonesus, situated at the head of the gulf of Melas. It was originally a colony of the Milesians and Clazomenians ; but subse- quently, in the time of Miltiades, the place also re- ceived Athenian colonists. (Herod, vii. 58, vL 33, ix. 115 ; Seym. Chius, 699 ; Dem. c. Philip, i. p. 63, de ffalon, pp. 87, 88, and elsewhere.) The town WM destroyed by Lysimachus (Pans. i. 9. § 10), and although it was afterwards rebuilt, it never apiin rose to any degree of prosperity, as Lysimachia, which was built in its vicinity and peopled with the inha- bitants of Cardia, became the chief town in that COIN OF OARDIA. CABENL neighboDihood. (Stnb. vii. p. 331 ; Paus. L 10. § 5, iv. 34. § 6; Appian, B. C. iv. 88; PtoL iiL 12.§2: Steph. B. $. r.) Cardia was the birthplace of king Eumenes (Nep. jE^tmi. 1) and of the historian ffier- ooymns. (Pans. L 9. § 10.) [L. S.] CARDU'CHI(Kap<oSxMi^^«.). The wild tribes who oocu|Hed the high moantainans tract, which lies between the great UpUind or Plateau of Persia, and the low-lying plains of Mesopotamia, went in anti> qnity unider the diffierent names of Kapiovxvtj Tapiveuot (Strab. xvi. p. 747), KofUioKts from s Persian word, signifjring manliness (Strab. xv p. 734), K^UM (Stnb. xi. p. 523), Cardnchi, and Cordneni (Plin. vL 15). They are now the Kurde inhabiting the district of KurdisUm, who are pnyved by their peculiar idicxn to be a branch of the Arian race. (Prichard, Nat, Hist of Man, p. 178.) These baibarous and warlike tribes owed no alle- giance to the Great King, though he possessed some oootrd over the cities in the plains. They were separated frmn Armenia by the Centrites {BvhUm- Chai)y an eastern affluent of the Tigris, which con- stitutes in the present day a natural barrier between Kurdistan and Armenia. (Grote, Hi»L of Greece, vol. ix. p. 157.) Xenophon in his retreat perfonned a seven days* march through the mountains of tiie Carduchians under circumstances of the utmost danger, suffering, and hardship. {Anab. iv. 1 — 3; Died. xiv. 27.) They dwelt in open villages, situated in the valleys, and enjoyed an abundant supply of com and wine. Every attempt to subdue them had proved fruitless, and they had even annihilated mighty armies of invaders. The neighbouring satraps could only secure a free intercourse with them by means of previous treaties. Their bowmen, whose arrow resembles that of the Kurd of the pre- sent day (comp. Chesuey, Exped. EuphraL voL i. p. 125), exhibited consummate skill; and the suf- ferings of the Greeks were far more intolerable than anything they had experienced from Tissaphemes and tlie Persians. For a description of the countrj occupied by these nomad tribes, and their further history, see Corduenb. [E. B. J.] CA'REIAR, a station on the Via Clodia in Etru- ria, probably a mere village, is placed by the Itine- raries 15 M. P. from Rome; and appeara, therefure, to have occuped the site of the modem village of Galera, It was here that the aqueduct from the Lacus Alsiednus was joined by a branch from the Lacus Sabatinus. (Itin, Ani. ip. 300; Tab. PeuL; Fnmtin. de Aquaeduct. § 71.) [E. H. B.] CARE'NE, or CARINE (Kapiitni, Kaplini: Eth. Kapfivaubs), a town of Mysia. The army of Xerxes, on the route from Sardis to the Hellespont, marched from the Caicus through the Atameus to Carine ; and from Carine through the plain of Thcbe, paiiS- ing by Adramyttium and Antandrus (vii. 42). In the text of Stephanus (s. v. Kap^n)) the name is written Carene, and he quotes Herodotus, and also Craterus (irtpl ^tt^urnjirttv) for the form Kapi^voiOi. In the text of Pliny (v. 32) the name is also written Carone; and he mentions it as a place that had gone to decay. Carene is also mentioned in a fragment of Ephorus (Steph. $. v. hdyva) as having sent some settlera to Ephesus, after the Ephesians had sus- tained a defeat from the people of Prione. There seems no doubt that the true name of the place is Carene. There appear to be no means of fixing the site any nearer than Herodotus has done. [G. L.] CARE'NI, a people in Britain, mentioned by Ptolemy as lying to the east of the Caokomacas,