Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/574

556 CASCANTUM. have been fonnded bj Dryopes. (Thoc. yiL 57 ; Diod. 17. 37 ; ScTmii. 576.) Its name was derived from Carystns, the son of Cheiron. (Ste|^. B. t. v, ; £u- stath. ad Horn. I. c.) The Persian expedition under Datis and Artaphemes (b. c. 490) knded at Car rystos, the inhabitants of which, after a slight re- sistance, were compelled to submit to the mvaders. (Herod, yi. 99.) Carystns was one of the towns, from which Themistodes levied money after the battle of Salamis. (Herod, viii. 112.) A few years afterwards we find mention of a war between the Athenians and Caiystians; bat a peace was in the end concluded between them. (Thuc. L 98; Herod, ix. 105.) The Caiystians fought on the side of the Athenians in the Tjtmian war. (Diod. xvui. 11.) They espoused the side of the Romans in the war against Philip. (Liv. xzxiL 17; PoL xviii. 30.) Carystus was chiefly celebrated lor its marble, which was in much request at Borne. Strabo places the quarries at Marmarium, a place upon the coast near Carystus, opposite Halae Araphenides in At- tica ; but Mr. Hawkins found the marks of the quarries upon Mt. Ocha. On his ascent to the summit of this mountain he saw seven entire co- lumns, apparently on the spot where they had been quarried, and at the distance of three miles from the sea. This marble is the Cipolino of the Romans, — a green marble, with white zones. (Strab. z. p. 446; Plin. iv. 12. 8. 21, xzxvi. 6. s. 7 ; Plin. Ep, v. 6; TibuU. iii. 3. 14; Senec. Troad. 835; Stat. Tkeb. viL 370; CapitoL Gordian. 32; Hawkins in Wal- pole's Travels, p. 288.) At Carystus the mineral asbestus was ^o obtained, which was hence called the Carystian stone QdBos Kapiirrios, Pint, de Def. Orac. p. 707; Strab. L c; Apoll. Dysc Hist. Mi- rab. 36.) There are very few remains of the an- cient Carystus. {Fle^eTf Reise durdt ChnechenUmdf vol. i. p. 428.) Antigonus, the author of the Historiae Mirabiles, the comic poet ApoUodorus, an^ jhe physician Dio- des were natives of Carystus.'^ j ^fi/j ' <j^ COIN OF CABTSTU3 IN EDBOBA. 2. A town in Laconia, in the district Aegytts, near the frontiers of Laconia. Its wine was cele- brated by the poet Alcman. Leake supposes that Ca- rystus stood at the Kalyvia of Ghiorghitzi, (Strab. X. p. 446 ; Athen. i. p. 31, d.; Steph. B. s. v, Kd- pvtrros] Leake, Pehponnesiaca, pp.350, 366.) CASCANTUM. [Vascones.] CASCI. [Latini.] CASEIROTAE (Ktweipwroi, PtoL vi. 17. § 3), one of the ten tribes into which Ptolemy divides Aria. They lived in the south part, on the confines of Drangiana. [V.] CA'SIA BE'GIO (^ Kwrta x«fipo), a district of Scythia extra Imaum, SW. of the Issedones, touching on the W. the Imaus and the caravan station for merchants going from the Sacae to Serica [Asca- TANCAs], and extending E. as far as the Cash M. (Ptol.vi. 15. §3.) [P. S.] CASILINUM. CA'SII MONTES (r^ Kdffui Spv : JOum JT.), a range of mountains in the E. of Central Aua, being a continuation of the Ascatancab range, and forming part of the S. boundary of Scythia extan Imaum and of Serica. The range intersects the great desert of Gobi in a line from W. to £. Pto- lemy places the W. extremity of the chain in 152^ long, and 44^ lat, and its £. extremity in 1 7 1^ kog. and 40° lat It contained the N. source of the river Bautis. (PtoL vL 15. §2, 16. §§3,5.) [P.S.] CASILrNUM (Kartkofoy: Eth. Casilinas: Co- poua), a town of Campania, situated on the river Vultumus, about 3 miles W. oS Capua. We have no account of it prior to the Roman conquest of Campania, and it was probably but a small town, and a dependency of Capua. But it derived import- ance as a military position, from its guarding the prindpal bridge over the Vultumus, a deep and rapid stream which is not ferdable; and on this account pkys a ooosidenble part in the Seoood Panic War. It was occupied by Fabins with a stroog garrison, in the campaign of B.a 217, to prevent Hannibal from crossing the Vultumus (Liv. zxii. 15); and the following year, after the battle of Cannae, was occupied by a small body of Roman troops (consisting prindpally of Latins from Prae- neste, and Etruscans fimn Perusia), who, though little more than a thousand in number, had the courage to defy the arms of Hannibal, and were able to withstand a protracted siege, until finally com- polled by famine to surrender. (Liv. xxiii. 17, 19; Strab. V. p. 249; Val. Max. vii. 6. §§ 2, 3; SU. Ital. xii. 426.) Livy tells us on this occasion that Casi- linum was divided into two parts by the Vultumus, and that the garrison, having put all the inhaUtants to the sword, oocnped only the portion on the right bank of the river next to Rome: such at least is the natural construction of his words, *' partem uzbis quae ds Vulturaura est;" yet all his subsequent accounts of the operations of the si^e imply that it was the part next to Capua on the hft bank which they held, and this is in fact the natural fbortress, fanned by » sharp elbow of the river. Casilinnm was recovered by the Romans in b. c 214 (Liv. xxiv. 19), and from this time we hear no more of it until the period of the Civil Wars. It appears that Caesar had established a colony of vete- rans there, who, after his death, were, together with those settled at Calatia, the first to declare in favour of his adopted son Octavian. ( Appian, B. C iii. 40 ; Cic. PhiL iL 40.) This cokmy appears to have been strengthened by M. Antonius (Cic. I. c), bu* did not retain its colonial rights: and the town itsel seems to have fidlen into decay; so that, thougL Strabo notices it among the cities of Campama, Pliny speaks of it as in his time going fast to ruin. (Strab. l,c. PIm. iiL 5. s. 9.) It however continued to exist throughout the Roman empire, as we find it» name both in Ptolemy and the Tabula. (Ptol. iiL 1 . § 68 ; Tab. Pad.) The period of its final decline or destruction is uncertain; but in the 9th century there appears to have been no town on the spot, when the citizens of Capua, after the destruction of their own city, established themselves on the site of Casilinnm, and transferred to the latter the name of Capua, which it continues to retain at the present day. [Capua.] The importance of its bridge, and the facilities which it afforded for defence, were probably the reasons of the change, and have led to the modem Capoua becoming a strong fortress, though a poor and unimportant city. [£. H. B.J