Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/579

Co CASSOTIS. height The arches are not constructed on the principles of the Roman arch, but are hollowed out of horizontal courses of stone." Leake found several tombs between the principal gate of the city and the village of Kamarina, The ruins of this city are some of the most extensive in the whole of Greece. (Leak^ Northern Greece, voL i. p. 247, seq.) CASSO TIS. [Delphl] CASTA'BALA (KjourrdSaKa: Eth. YLaaraSa- Aciis), a city of Cilicia, one of the praefectures of Cappadocia. Strabo (p. 537) describes Gastabala and Gybistra, as not for from Tyana, but as still nearer to the mountain (Taurus). Pliny (vi. 3) enumerates Gastabala with Tyana among the Gap- padocian towns. In Gastabala there was a temple of Artemis Perasia, where they said that the priestesses walked with bare feet over live coals unhurt. (See Groskiuxl's Note, Strabo, Trand. ii. p. 453, on the proposals to amend the reading Perasia, which the context of Strabo shows to be his genuine reading.) The site of this place has not yet been fixed satisfoctorily, but it may ba at Nigde^ NE. of Bar. The epigraph on the coins of Gastabala is UfiowoXif Kcurra/3. [G. L.] GASTA'BALA (ri KarrdiaXM), as it is called by Appian {MWtrid. c. 105), by Ptolemy (v. 8), and by Pliny (v. 27), who mentions it among the towns of the interior (k Gilicia. Alexander marched from Soli to the Pyramus, which he crossed to Mallus, and he reached Gastabalum, as Gurtius (iii. 7) calls it, on the second day. In order to reach Issus from Gastabala, it was necessary to pass through a defile, which Alexander had sent Parmenio forward to occupy. This defile, then, was east of Gastabala, and it would seem to be the Amanides Pylae of Strabo (p. 676), now Demr Kapu, The Antonine Itin. places Gatabolnm, which is Gastabalum, east of Aegeae or Ayoi, 26 M. P., or 20 geog. miles. The distance from Aya» to a place called Kara Kaya is 16 geog. miles, and from Ayas to some ruins is 19 geog. miles. This would identify the mins with Gastabalum. But the Itin. gives 16 M. P., or 12 geog. miles from Gastabalum to Baiae, and the distance from Kara Kaya to Bayas^ which is Baiae, was determined by Lieut. Muiphy to be 13 geog. miles, while the distance from the ruins to Bayae is 15 ge^. miles. Ainsworth prefers the shorter of the two distances, " as it was determined by Itinerary, while the other distance from AyAs to the ruins was determined by a boat survey." Accord- ingly he identifies Gastabala with Kara Kaya (Ains- worth, Travels in the Track, ^c, p. 56 ; Ainsworth, London Geog. Joum,j vo. X. T^. 510, 8lc.) [G. L.] GASTA'LIA (KatrroAia: Eth. KewrTOAie^y, which Steph. t. v. observes, is a common form in Gilician names), a place in Gilicia, mentioned by Theagenes in lus Garica. [G. L.] GASTAXIA FONS. [Delphi.] CA'STAMON {CaetamouM), a town of Paph- lagonia, often mentioned by the Byzantine historians. Caetamouni is a considerable town, which is placed in the maps on the Amnias, a branch of the Halys. (Gramer, Asia Minor, voL L p. 239.) [G. L.] GASTAX (Kimai), a city of Baetica, probably identical with Gastulo. [P. S.] GASTELLA'NI (KarrtWayot), a people of Uis- pania Tarraconensis, at the foot of the Pyrenees, W. of the AusETANi, and E. of the Iaccktani, with the following towns : Scbendunum (Se^cVSoi/- vov), also mentioned on a coin, in conjunction with Ileida (Sestini, p. 164); Beseda (BeVnSa: & Juan GASTHANAEA. 561 de las Badesas, coins ap. Sestini, p. 183); Egosa {'Eywra), and Basi {Bdat: Ptol.u. 6. § 71 ; Ukert, vol. ii. pt. 1, p. 426). [P. S.] OASTELLUM AMERINUM. [Ameria]. GASTELLUM GARAGENORUM. [Gara- CENT.] GASTELLUM FIRMANUM. [Fikmum.] GASTELLUM MENAPIORIJM, mentioned by Ptolemy (ii. 9), who says, *' then after the Mosa, the Menapii, and a city of theirs Gastellum." It is also supposed by D'Anville that it may be the '*Gaa- tellum Oppidum quod Mosa fluvius praeterlambit " of Ammianus (xvi. 25). But the words *' Gas- tellum Oppidum quod" are said not to be in the MSS. (S^ the note of Valesius.) As there is a place called Kessel on the left bank of the Maas, between Rttremonde and Vetdoo, it is snppiosed that this may be the Gastellum Menapiorum ; for it would come within the limits of the Menapii. [G. L.] GASTELLUM (MORINORUM). There arts many routes which end at or branch from a place called Gastellum, in the northern part of Gallia. On the inscription of the column of Tongem, a road leads firam Gastellum, through Fines Atrebatum, to Nemetacnm (^Arras). Another route in the An- tonine Itin. runs from Gastellum, through Minaria- cum, to Tumacum {Tovimay)', and another from Gastellum, through Nemetacum, to Bagacum (^Bct- ffoy). The Table has a route through Tarnenna {Terouenne) to Gastellum Menajnorum, which, as the rest of the route shows, is not the Gastellum on the Maas, but the Gastellum of the Itinerary. This place must be the hill of Ccusel, in the department of Nord, south of Jhmkerque, which rises above the flat country, and commands a view of immense ex- tent It was certainly a Roman station. Many medals have been dug up there. (Bast, RecueU dAntiquitSs, 8cc. trotwees dans la FlandreJ) There appears to be no authority for the name Morinorum ; but this place would be within the limits (^ the Mo- rini. The name Gastellum Menapiorum in the Table cannot be right; for if we were to admit that the Menapii extended as far as Cassel, which is im- probable, we should not expect to find their Gastellum there; and it is just the place where we might expect to find the Gastellum of the Morini. [G. L.] GASTELLUM VALENTINIA'NI, a fortress built by the emperor Valentinian, on the river Nicer. (Amm. Marc, xxviii. 2.) Ammianus relates that, as the river was destroying the foundations of the fort, the emperor, in A. d. 319, caused the river to be led in a different direction. It is believed that the place was situated between Lechmheim and Manheim. (Wilhelm, German, p. 69; Kreutzer, Zur Gesch. altrom, KidUtr am Oberrhein, p. 38, foil.) [L.S.] GASTHANAEA (KatrOaifaia, Strab.; KaoTayvOa, Lycophr., Steph. B., Mel., et alii: Edi, Kieur$aifaSbs), a town of Magnesia in Thessaly, at the foot of Mt. Pe- lium, with a temple c£ Aphrodite Gasthanitis. It is mentioned by Herodotus in his account of the terrible storm which the fleet of Xerxes experienced off tliis part of the coast. Leake places it at some ruins, near a small port named Tamukhari. It was from this town that the chesnut tree, which still abounds on the eastern side of Mt. Pelium, derived its name in Greek and the modern languages of Europe. (Herod, vii. 183, 184: Strab. ix. pp. 438, 443 ; Plin. iv. 9. s. 16; Pomp. Mel ii. 3; Lycophr. 907; Nicandr. Alexiph, 27 1 ; Etym. M. s, v. Leake, Northern Greece^ vol. iv. p. 383.) oo