Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/581

CASTRA HERCULIS. of the Second Panic War, trhen he wis shut up within the Brattian peninsola; but we have no men- tion of it in the history of that period. It has, however, been suggested that the Castra mentioned by Livy (xzxii. 7 : ^ Gastrorum portorium, quo in loco nunc oppidum est *') as a seaport, without indi- cating its locality, may probably be the pUce in question; and that the small colony of 300 settlers was established there soon afLer the Second Punic War (b.c. 199), with a view to retain it in being. (Zumpt, de Colon, p. 236.) It subsequently appears to have served as the seaport of Scyllacium, where a more oonaderable Boman colony was establislied in B. c. 1 22. (Zumpt, I, c. ; Mommsen, in Berichte der Saehsiseh. GueUscJutft der Wist, 1849, p. 49, foU.) Its name is still found under the corrupt form " Anni- bali " in the Tabula, which places it 36 M. P. from. the Ladnian Promontoiy. {Tab.Peut The other distances are evidently corrapt.) Its eauct site has not been determined, but it was probably situated near the mouth of the little river Corace. Earlier topographers had placed it at a spot now called Z«e Ccutdley near the north-east extremity of the Gulf of Squiilaeef but this is inconsistent with Pliny's dtatement, though it would accord better with ^e accounts of Hannibals operations in Bruttium, which represent him as generally making his headquarters near Grotona and the Lacinian Promontory. (Liv. zxviii. 46, xxix. 36, zzx. 19, 20; Barrius, de Sit Calabr. iv. 4; Romanelli, vol. i. p. 185.) [E. H. B.] GASTRA HE'RGULIS. This is one of the seven places on the frontier of the Rhine which Julian re- paired; and Ammianus Marcellinus, who enumerates them, places Gastra Herculis first, and Bingium (^Bvngen) last. [Binoium.] From this we may conclude that it was on the Lower Rhine, and the Itins. place it there. [Gabvo.] Gastra Herculis may be HerveU. [G. L.] CASTRA NOVA. [Dacia.] CASTRA POSTUMIA'NA, a fortified hfll 4 M.P. from Attegua and Ucubis, in Hiapania Baetica. (^BelL Hisp. 8 : Attkgua.) [P. S.] GAvSTRA PTRRHI, a place in Greek Ulyria near the river Aous, is placed by Leake at Ottaniteay where, however, there are no remains of antiquity. (Liv. xxxii. 13; Leake, Northern Greece^ vol i. pp. 387 396 ^ GASTRA TRAJANA. [Dacia.] GASTRA VETERA or VETERA, as Ptolemy (ii. 9) and others call it, a Roman camp near the Lower Rhine, in Germania Inferior, which was formed in the time of Augustus, for when Germani- cns was in those ports (a.d. 14), Vetera was the station of the mutinous fifth and twenty-first legions (Tadt i4nn. i. 48). Indeed, it appears from Taci- tus (^HitL iy. 23), that Augustus had considered this to be a good post for keeping the Germaniae in check ; and during the long period of peace that had existed when Givilis, with the Batavi and Germans, attacked the place, a town had grown up at a short distance from the camp. {Hist, iv. 22.) Part of the camp was on rising ground, and part in the plain. Civilis here blockaded two legions that had escaped thither after being defeated by him. The Romans in the camp of Vetera finally surrendered to Givilis (a.d. 70), who afterwards posted himself there as a safe position against the attack of Gerialis. Vetera was protected by the wide and swampy plains, and Gi- vilis had carried a mole into the Rhine for the purpose of keeping the water back and flooding the adjacent grounds. The jdace was, therefore, near the Rhine, CASTRUM MINERVAE. 663 in some spot where there is an elevation in the midst of a level country. It is placed in the table at the distance of 13 IILV, from Asciburgia (At^twrg). D*Anville places Vetera at XanUen in the Rhenish pro- vinces of Prussia, near the Rhine, on the left bank, and the eminence he supposes to be Vontenberg, where Roman antiquities have been found. This position seems to be more likely to be the true one than Biiderich, in an angle of the Rliine, opposite to Weself where some geographers fix Vetera. This important post was always occupied by one or two legions, while the Romans were in the possession of these parts. [G. L.] GASTRIMOE'NIUM, a town of Latium, at the foot of the Alban hills about 12 miles from Rome, now called Marino. It does not appear to have been in ancient times a place of importance, but we learn from the Liber Goloniarum that it received a colony under Sulla, and that its territory was again assigned to military occupante by Nero. (^Lib. Colon. p. 233.) Pliny also mentions the Gastrimonienses among the Latin towns still existing in his time (iii. 5. s. 9. § 63); but it seems probable that the Mu- nienses enumerated by him among the extinct " po- puli " of Latium (lb. § 69), are the same people, and tliat we should read Moenienses. If this be so, the name was probably changed rhen the colony of Sulla was established there, at which time we are told that the city was fortified (oppidum lege Sul- lana est munitum, Lib. Colon. L c). The form Gastrimonium is found both in Pliny and the Liber Colon. ; but we learn the correct name to have been Gastrimoenium from inscriptions, which also attest its municipal rank under the Roman Empire. (Gra- ter, Inscr. pu 397. 3; Orelli, Inter. 1393). The discovery of these inscriptions near the modem city of MarmOf renders it almost certain that this occu- pies the site of Gastrimocnium : it stands on a nearly isolated knoll, connected with the Alban hills, about 3 miles fVom AlbanOj on the road to FratcaH. (Nibby, Drntonu, vol. ii. p. 315 ; Gell, Top. ofRomt^ p. 810.) [E. H. B.] GASTRUM ALBUM. [luci.] CASTRUM INUI, an ancient city of Latium, the foundation of which is ascribed by Virgil to the Alban kings. {Aen. vi. 772.) No mention of it is found in any historical or geographical writer, and Pliny does not even include it in his list of the ex- tinct cities of Latium ; but it is repeatedly alluded to by the Roman poets. Silius Italicus assigns it to the Rutuli, and Ovid places it on the coast between Antium and Lavinium. (Sil. Ital. viii. 361 ; Ovid, MeL XV. 727.) Both these writers call it Gastrum simply, Virgil being the only author who has pre- served its fiU name. It is clear that the town had ceased to exist at a very early period, which may account for the error of Servios {ad Aen.Lc.) and Rutilius {J tin. i. 232), who have confounded it with Gastrum Novum on the coast of Etruria. But it left its name to the adjoining district, which is men- tioned by Martial under the name of the " Gastrana rura," as a tract noted, like the adjacent Ardea, for its insalubrity. (Mart. iv. 60. 1 : where, however, some editions read Paestana.) The passage of Ovid is the only clue to its position. Nibby supposes it to have occupied a height on the left bank of the little river called Fosto deW Incattro^ which flows by Ardea, immediately above its mouth; a plausible conjecture, which is all that can be looked for in such a case. ( Nibby, Dintomiy vol. i. p. 440.) [E. H. B. J GASTRUM MINERVAE, a town or fortrtas ou oo 2