Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/593

OATJLOMA. of w«tw choked >rilh reeds »iidnislic«." IthluimBl in the iDip Seo Ood Gate, ud lies ■ little north of 37° N. 111. The poailion of CLbjoi ti filed at Hortoom, on Ihfl upper put of the Iridiu m Ljcia' and in man^hiog put the north put of [his aniunp (Ulwsrd from Ci!>yT«, the Romans TDuld croes B TiTer which joiaa the Indos, > little belon Clbyra. This rifW willcwtunly bothoCnularoB.ifthe p&lua b righUj Irtentifitd, far it u l«i than a d»j's march from the swamp, [0. L.] CAULaNlA (KiBiXb « KmiKarW: iilk. Knu- A»«inn), a dty on the E. coast of Bfiillimn, be- tween Locri and the Gulf of ScjUaduin. Allauthora agree that it was a Greek colonj of Achaean oripn, but StralH and Paosaniai represent it aa founded hy AchaeaiB dirvct frcm the Peloponwee, and the Uttei ■nthor mentiooB Tjphoti of Aegium in Achnjs ai the Oakiat or leader of the colon)- (Strab. ri. p. !61; Pan*. Ti. 3. § 12); while Sqfinnos Chins and Sto- pbanne of Bjzantinm affirm that it was a colcnj of CcMoia. (Sc7mn.Ch.3iS; Steph.B. t.B. AilAiiw.) It is easj to reconcile both accounts ; the Cntonials, ■■ in manj unulai casee, doubtlas called in addi- tional colDaiets from the mother-ctnnBj. Virgil Bllndes to it ai if it wen alieadj in existence us a ct^ at the time of (ha Trojan War (Aai. iii. 552), bat this is eiidentl; a mere poetical license, like the ntentioo of the Ladnian temple in the preceding line. Scflai and Poljbins bc^ mention it aa one of the Grtet citifs on this put of the Italian coat. (SctL § 13, p. S; Pol. I. 1.) We are told that its same was origuiBllj Aulonia (AiAiarfa), from a deep Tsllej or isTUM (_aiAr'), cleae to which it was u- toatcd (Strab. I. c. ; Scjrnui- Ch. 320—323 ; Heca- taena, ap. Steph, B. 1. s. Kovhitrls], and that this was aabeaqnentlr altered into Canlonia: the change moat, howerer, bate taken place at a mj eaiij period, aa all the cons of the city, man; of which are ver; aadent, bear the name Caolooia. We haTe yeiy little infttinalion aa to the eulj bistorj of Caulonia : but we leun from Poljbius that it particijAted in the disorders consequent on the ex- polsioD of the Pjthagoreana from Crotona and the neijbbonriog cities [Crotuha]; and was for some tine agitated bj dtil diaeensioDS, until at length tranqmUitj having bam restored bj the intervention of the Achatans, the three dtice of Csulooia, Cro . tons, and Sjbaris, concluded a league Cogether, and fijonded a tsnple to ZeusHomoiiD ^' ^ - -- - pkce of meetioi; and dehbeiatii lamblicbns alwi mentivis Caulonia among the dties in which the Pjrthagorean sect had made great pn>. gtrea, and which were thrown into confuMon b; its ■ndden and violent (upprcaeion (Iambi. VU, Fylk. |g262, 267); and, according to Porphjry (WU. lyA. g 56), it was the fint place where Pylhagoraa himself Bought refuge af^er his expulsion from Cro- tona. The league Just mentioned was probably of veiy brief duration; but the part ' . ' CauliHiia povea that it must hare been at this time a powerfiU ception of 1 diden (vii. jo^ we near no more 01 it unm me of the elder Dionjaiua, who in B.C. 38S inv. Magna Gmeds »ilh a large armj, and laid sie) Cauliaiia. The Crolonials and other Italiau Gr innnediatelTsBBemblcd abirge Ibrce, with which adcanied to the relief of the dtj: bnt thej were DWt bf Dionjuug at the river Helorus or Helleponu, md totallj defeated nith great slaughter. (IKnd. ziT. 103 — 106.) In consequence of this battle Caulonia waa compelled (0 surrender to lOved the inbabltnnle from the dt bliahcd tbsn at S7raGuse, while he best territory upon his allies the Locrians. (ja. luo.; The power of Canlcoia was efTcctnall)- broken bj thia disaeter, and it never rose again to proeperity ; bnt it did not ccaae to euat, being probably repeopled by the Lcoriana; aa at the lime of the landing of Dion Sicil J, we are told that the younger Dion jsius waa aUtioned at Caulonia with a fleet and armj. (Flut. Dion, 36.) At a aranewbat later period, during the ofl^hasin llslj, it waa taken bj- a bodv of jwcd their Pans, vi, 3. § 12.) It is pnih«b!i hich Strabo also alludes when be BITS that Canlonia was laid desolate " bj the bar- buians" (vi. p. 261), though his addition that the inhabtlants removed to Sidl; would rather seem Is fanner destruction bj Konjsius. Both be and Pansanias evidently regunl the cit; as harin'; remained desolate ever a^er ; but it appears sj^oin Second Funic War, on which occasion it fbUowed the example of the Bruttians and declared of Hannibal. An attempt waa afterwards -ecover it by a Roman force, with auxiliaries from Rhcginm, but the sudden arrinU of Hannibal brdf a up the ei^e. (Uv, ixvii. 12, 15, 16; Plut. /'ai. 22; Pol. x. 1.) We hace no account of the occasion when it fell again into the hands of the lio- mans, nor of the treatment it met with: hut there ia little donbt that it was severely punished, in com- mon with the reet of the Bruttians; and probably its final desolation mvat date fhim this period. Strabo tells us it was in bis time quite deserted : and though the name ia mentioned by Uela, Pliny spesks only of the " vestigia oppidj Caulonia," and Ptolemy omits it altogether. (Btrah.ic; MeL ii. 4; Plin. iii. I0.B.15.) It must, however, have continued to exist, though in a decayed condition, as the name of Caolon is atUl found in the Tabula. {Tab. Pent.) An inscription, in nbicb the name of the Caubnialne ia found as retuning thdr municipal condition under the reign of Trajan (Orelli, Imar. 150), is of very doubtful anthentici^. The site of Caulc^a is extremely un(«rtain ; the names and distances given in this pait of the Tabula are so corrupt as to aEFord little or rK> assistance. Stisbo and Pliny both place it to the X. of the river Sagras, but unfortunately that river cannot be iden- tified with any certainty, hiany topographers place Csubnia at CaiUl Vtlen, on a hill on the S. bank of the river Jirro; bnt thoeewho identify the .,4 iiro with llie fiagraa, natuiallj look for Caulonia N. of (hat river. 60DM ruins are said (o exist on the left bank of the Alaro, near its mouth; but according to Saiiibume these are of later dato, and the remiuns of