Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/666

648 COLOSSAE. C0L066AE. phon, and not Noiiimu Plinj (t. 29) nje thai i Laodiceui od the Lycos. In his time Apemek Ci^ Colophon iB in die interior, and that the Haleeos (the botos and Laodioeia were the lai^est cides in this Ales of Panaanias) flows bj it. *' Next is the tem- ple of Apollo of Claros, Lebedus: there was also Notinm, a town." This is a good example of Pliny's careless compilation. Thncydides tells ns that Notinm was the town on the coast or naval town, and that Colophon was the upper town; and Li?y distingdshes the two clearly, and gives the distance of Old Colophon from the coast The site of Nctiura and Colophon is easily determined, being near to Clams. [Clabus.] Chandler Bays that there are no mine at Notinm, and only 8<Hne misenible cabins on the site of Colophon. Notinm must have been as old as Colophon: it was mentioned by Hecataens in . his Asia as a city of Ionia (Steph. B. s. 9. N<{rior)jLr the birthplace of Nioetas Chmiates, one of the By- T^y^^fX^S Strabo says that the Colophonians had once a gooa zantine historians. East of DentzU there is a pboe •^ navy, and an excellent cavalry. Their cavalry was "'— ' ««"~» v,^^m «- r^u^^^ .:i...*^ -♦ ^u^ i — BO snperior as to assure the victoiy to the side on which it fought, whence he says came the proverb, " He has put the Colophon to it " {rhv KnKo^va ^«di}K«r) whenever a matter was brought to a certain termination. The Scholiast on the Theaetetus I I* -} * of Plato (on the words rhv KoAo^ya 'iSFaTicit^w / ' "^' irpo(r€iEd(»v) gives a different explanation. He says that when the twelve Ionian states assembled at the Panionium, if the votes were equal, the Colophonii had the casting vote, for they received the Smyr- naeans to live with them, on behalf of whom they had this vote ; whence the provesb ^as ^ised to ex- press a casting or deciding vote>-^ iw ai t^ . S • • /'.' <^ f/^^' ^- * ' ■ /*< Colophon was one of the places that cUimed to w S^ f > the birtiiplace of Homer. It was the native city of Mimnermus, an elegiac poet; of the musician Polym- nestus; of Phoenix, a writer of iambi (Pans. i. 9. § 7.); of Hermesianax, an elegiac writer (Athen. p. 697, who quotes a large fragment); of Antimachus, an epic poet; of Xenophanes, a writer of silli; and of Nicander, whose Theriaca b extant. The nain of Colophon is mentioned by Pliny as an article of commerce; and it is also mentioned by Dioscoridas ( Pliny, xiv. 20, and Harduin's note) under the name Colophonia, which the French call Colo- phone, The mountain Oallesus, near Colophon (Strab. p. 642.), is a huge mass covered with noble pines, and it abounds in water. The mountain sup- ^ plied the pine wood for the resin. . [G. L.] T t'^€J part o( Phrygia. Laodioeia was thm the chief town of a conventus, to which Colossae and more than twenty other towns belonged. Both Laodiceia and Colossae were fiuned for their wool, and the pei^ of Colossae also derived a great praifit from their sJoJl in dyeing it. (See Groakurd's note on the passage of Stralra, p. 578; TransL Strab, voL ii. p. 533.) The upper valley of the Maeander was a sheep-feed- ing countiy. Colossae had become a place cf comparatively little importance in Strabo's time. In the middle ages there arose near ita town called Chonae (Ximai, orXoi^flU), and Colossae disappeared. Chonae Coin of Colophon. COLOSSAE (KoKoffffcd: EtK KoXofnrnvis, Ko- MreeM(n)y a city of Phrygia, firet mentioned by Hetodotos (vii. SO) as a large city of Phrygia, on the Lycus, a branch of the Maeander. Xerxes, on his mareh to Sardes, b. c. 481, reached Colossae after leaving Anaua. [Anaua.] The younger Cyrus, on his march from Sardes towards the Euphrates, u. o. 401, passed through Colossue. He crossed the Maeander, and after a march through Phrygia of 8 parasangs from the river, he came to Colossae, a lai^e and prosperous city. (Anab. i. 2. § 6, &c.) The march of Cyrus from Colossae to Celaenae was 20 parasangs. The position of Colossae south of tire Maeander is determined by these two authori- ties. Strabo (pp. 576 — 578) places Colossae near | now called KhonoM, or Chonot, situated at the base of the mountain range of Cadmus. Arundell {Asia Minor, vol. iL p. 159, &c.) supposes that Kkonos, which is certainly the site of Chonae, is also the site of Colossae; and that the name Chonae saperseded that of Colossae under the Byzantine Emjare. His description is not clear. Hamilton {Reseearchn^ &c vol. L p. 508) found extensive ruins of an ancient city about three miles north of KkontM. On this site are large blocks of stone, foundations of build- ings, and fraginents of columns, architraves and cornices. He also found " the hollow cavea of a theatre, built on the side of a .low sloping hill, and of which several seats were still tin situj* He does not mention any inscriptions. Herodotus says that the Lycus disappears m Colonae by sinking into a cleft (j(dfffUL 7ns), and after running about five stadia under ground it appears again and flows into the Maeander. If this cleft or hole can be deter- mined, we may be pretty certain that we have ascer- tained the site of Colossae. Hamilton, who examined the ground carefully, found the necropolis or buying pku!e of this city, of which we have spoken, to be on one side of a river, and the theatre and other ruins on the opposite side. There is a bridge, which creeses a rapid stream, flowing from east to west; and this river is " formed by the junction of three riven, which unite their watere immediately above the bridge." The chief stream is called the Tckoruk, which Ha- milton supposes to be the Lycus. Another stream is called Ak-mA (white water), and possesses highly petrifying qualities. Below the bridge ia a narrow gorge, through which the waters of the united riven flow. He found that the Ak-9u had once fidlen into the Lyons lower down than where it now does, ex- actly at the place where the chasm is narrowest Another large stream falls over the cli£f cm the sooth side of the river, or the side opposite to the Ah-m which runs from the NW. This river has also the same qualities as the Ah-^u^ and makes a great deposit, forming cliffs of travertine, and burying the plants and other substances that are in its way. This operation is going on rapidly, and the cliffs on each side have been formed by it. Hamilton adds, " it is evident, tbat if the water always flowed in the same channel, these cli& would approach each other, and continue to overhang the river until a natural bridge were completed by the touching of the opposite sides, whUe the arch or passage of the river below would be kept clear, the raindity of the stream not allowing the deposit of the calcareous matter. It is indeed most apparent that this has been the caae, that the two cliffs have been hero jdned, and thns formed the x^^Amt^t, through which, aa Herodotus