| ercised sacred functions about the person of the emperor.
1. The consuls who, though their office had degenerated into an empty name, were still the highest officers of the state, were inaugurated at the imperial residence with the utmost splendour. The title of patricians became, under Constantine, a personal and not an hereditary distinction, bestowed on the ministers and favourites of the court.
2. The praetorian praefects were the civil magistrates of the provinces, as the immedíate representatives of the imperial majesty: everything was under their control. The accompanying table taken from Marquardt (Handbuch der Röm. Alterthum, p. 240), gives the division of the empire under these four great officers. Rome and Constantinople were alone exempted from their jurisdiction, but were respectively under a praefect of the city, and a perfect equality was established between the two municipal and the four praetorian praefects. The "spectabiles," in which were included the 3 proconsuls of Asia, Achaia, and Africa, with the lieutenant-generals and military counts and dukes, formed an intermediate class between the illustrious praefects and honourable magistrates of the provinces.
DIVISION OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE, A.D. 400.
| I. Praefectus Praetorio Galliarum.
|
| A. Vicarius Hispaniae.
|
| 1. |
Consularis Baeticae.
|
| 2. |
" Lusitaniae.
|
| 3. |
" Gallaeciae.
|
| 4. |
Praeses Tarraconensis.
|
| 5. |
" Carthaginiensis.
|
| 6. |
" Tingitaniae.
|
| 7. |
" Insularum Balearium.
|
B. Vicarius Septem Prouinciarum.
|
| 1. |
Consularis Viennensis.
|
| 2. |
" Lugdunensis.
|
| 3. |
" Germaniae I.
|
| 4. |
" Germaniae II.
|
| 5. |
" Belgicae I.
|
| 6. |
" Belgicae II.
|
| 7. |
Praeses Alpium Maritimarum
|
| 8. |
" Poeninarum et Graiarum
|
| 9. |
" Maximae Sequanorum.
|
| 10. |
" Aquitanicae I.
|
| 11. |
" Aquitanicae II.
|
| 12. |
" Novempopulanae.
|
| 13. |
" Narbonensis I.
|
| 14. |
" Narbonensis II.
|
| 15. |
" Lugdunensis II.
|
| 16. |
" Lugdunensis III.
|
| 17. |
" Lugdunensis Senoniae.
|
C. Vicarius Britanniarum.
|
| 1. |
Consularis Maximae Caesariensis.
|
| 2. |
" Valentiae.
|
| 3. |
Praeses Britanniae I.
|
| 4. |
" Britanniae II.
|
| 5. |
" Flaviae Caesariensis.
|
II. Praefectus Praetorio Italiae.
|
| A. Vicarius Urbis Romae.
|
| 1. |
Consularis Campaniae.
|
| 2. |
" Tusciae et Umbriae.
|
| 3. |
" Piceni Suburbicarii.
|
| 4. |
" Siciliae.
|
| 5. |
Corrector Apuliae et Calabriae.
|
| 6. |
" Bruttiorum et Lucaniae.
|
| 7. |
Praeses Samnii.
|
| 8. |
" Sardiniae.
|
| 9. |
" Corsicae.
|
| 10. |
" Valeriae.
|
B. Vicarius Italiae.
|
| 1. |
Consularis Venetiae et Histriae.
|
| 2. |
" Aemiliae.
|
| 3. |
" Liguriae.
|
| 4. |
" Flaminiae et Piceni Annonarii.
|
| 5. |
Praeses Alpium Cottiarum.
|
| 6. |
" Rhaetiae I.
|
| 7. |
" Rhaetiae II.
|
| Illyrium Occidentale.
|
| 8. |
Consularis Pannoniae II.
|
| 9. |
Corrector Saviae.
|
| 10. |
Praeses Pannoniae I.
|
| 11. |
" Dalmatiae.
|
| 12. |
" Noricum Mediterraneum.
|
| 13. |
" Noricum Ripense.
|
| 14. |
Dux Valeriae Ripensis.
|
|
C. Vicarius Africae.
|
| 1. |
Consularis Byzacii.
|
| 2. |
" Numidiae.
|
| 3. |
Praeses Tripolitanae.
|
| 4. |
" Mauritaniae Sifetensis.
|
| 5. |
" Mauritaniae Caesariensis.
|
The Proconsul of Africa was directly under the Emperor,
and not under the Praefectus Praet. Ital,
|
III. Praefectus Praetorio Illyrici
|
| A. Directly under the Praefect
|
| The Diocese of Dacia.
|
| 1. |
Consularis Daciae Mediterraneae.
|
| 2. |
Praeses Moesiae I.
|
| 3. |
" Praevalitanae.
|
| 4. |
" Dardaniae.
|
| 5. |
Dux Daciae Ripensis.
|
B. Under a Proconsul
|
| Achaia.
|
C. Under the Vicarius Macedoniae.
|
| 1. |
Consularis Macedoniae.
|
| 2. |
" Cretae.
|
| 3. |
Praeses Thessaliae.
|
| 4. |
" Epiri Veteris.
|
| 5. |
" Epiri Novae.
|
| 6. |
" Macedoniae Salutaris.
|
| A part of this last belonged to the Diocoesis Dacia.
|
IV. Praefectus Praetorio Orientis.
|
| A. Comes Orientis.
|
| 1. |
Consularis Palaestinae I
|
| 2. |
" Phoenices.
|
| 3. |
" Syriae I.
|
| 4. |
" Ciliciae.
|
| 5. |
" Cypri.
|
| 6. |
Praeses Palaestinae II.
|
| 7. |
" Palaestinae Salutaris.
|
| 8. |
" Phoenices Libani.
|
| 9. |
" Euphratensis.
|
| 10. |
" Syriae Salutaris.
|
| 11. |
" Osrhoënae.
|
| 12. |
" Mesopotamiae.
|
| 13. |
" Ciliciae II.
|
| 14. |
Comes Rei Militaria Isauriae.
|
| 15. |
Dux Arabíae.
|
B. Praefectus Augustalis.
|
| 1. |
Praeses Lybiae Sup.
|
| 2. |
" Lybiae Inf.
|
| 3. |
" Thebaidos.
|
| 4. |
" Aegypti.
|
| 5. |
" Arcadiae.
|
| 6. |
Corrector Augustamnicae.
|
C. Vicarius diocoeseos Asianae.
|
| 1. |
Consularis Pamphyliae.
|
| 2. |
" Lydiae.
|
| 3. |
" Cariae.
|
| 4. |
" Lyciae.
|
| 5. |
" Lycaoniae.
|
| 6. |
" Pisidiae.
|
| 7. |
" Phrygiae Pacatianae.
|
| 8. |
" Phrygiae Salutaris.
|
D. Vicarius Ponticae.
|
| 1. |
Consularis Bithyniae.
|
| 2. |
" Galatiae.
|
| 3. |
Corrector Paphlagoniae.
|
| 4. |
Praeses Honoriados.
|
| (Praefectus Praetorio Orientis.)
|
| 5. |
Praeses Galatiae Salutaris.
|
| 6. |
" Cappadociae I.
|
| 7. |
" Cappadociae II.
|
| 8. |
" Helenoponti.
|
| 9. |
" Ponti Polemoniaci.
|
| 10. |
" Armeniae I.
|
| 11. |
" Armeniae II.
|
E. Vicarius Thraciarum.
|
| 1. |
Consularis Europae.
|
| 2. |
" Thraciae
|
| 3. |
Praeses Haemimonti.
|
| 4. |
" Rhodopae.
|
| 5. |
" Moesiae II.
|
| 6. |
" Scythiae.
|
Directly under the Emperor, the Proconsul of Asia
under him,
|
| 1. |
Consularis Hellesponti.
|
| 2. |
Praeses Insularum.
|
The great framework of the Roman empire was broken up into 116 provinces, each of which supported an expensive establishment. Of these 3 were governed by "Proconsules;" 37 by "Consulares;" 5 by "Correctores;" 71 by "Praesides."
All these were entrusted with the administration of justice and the finances in their respective districts. They were drawn from the profession of the law.
The defence of the Roman empire on the im- |
