Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/711

1^ CORTONA. it wu ooe of the dtiee of Etmria, which he repeopled altar his devasUtion of that countiy. (Zumpt, de Colon, p. 252.) It was not sabseqnently renewed, and therefore does not figure m the lists rither of Pliny or Ptolemy as a colanj. Both those authors, however, mention it among the towns of fitnuia (Plin. iiL 5. s. 8; Ptol. iii. 1. § 48): but this is tiie last notice fk its existence in ancient times, thoogh inacr i ptioDS prove it to have oontinned to subsist under the Roman Empire. (Gori, Inter, Etr, voL ii. pp. 361 — 898.) It became an episcopal see in the early ages of Christianity, and probably never ceased to exist, thoogh no trace of it is again finmd in history tiU the I3th century. The modem city of Gortona (which is still the see of a bishop, with about 5000 inhabitants) retains the site of the ancient one, on the summit of a high hill, almost deserving to be tenned a monntain, and ex- tending from its highest point down a steep slope ftcing towards the W., so that the gate at its lowest extremity is about half way down the hilL The andent city was of obUmg form, and about two miles in drcumfereuoe ; the circuit of its walls may be easily traced, as the modem ones are for the most part based upon them, though at the higher end of the dtj they endosed a considerably wider space. "They may be traced in fragments more or less pr eser ved almost entirely round the dty, and are composed of rectangular blocks of great size, ar- ranged without much regularity, though with more regard to horismtality and distiQct courses than is observable in the walls of Volterra or Populonia, and often joined with great nicety like the masoniy of Fiesde." ..." The finest relic of this regular masonry at Crortona, and perhape in all Italy, is at a spot called Terra Mozza, outdde the Fortress, at the highest part of the dty, where is a firagment 120 feet in length, composed of blocks of enormous magnitude. They vary fmai 2^ to 5 feet in hdght, and from 6 or 7 feet or 11 and 12 in length ; and are sometimes as much or more in depth." The ma- terial of which they are composed is a grey sandstone much resembling that of Fietoh, (Dennis, EtruriOj voL iL p. 436.) A fisw other fragments of Etruscan c<Hi8tmction similar to the above, are found within the walls of the dty : but only one trifling remnant of a Roman building. Outside the lower gate, on the slope of the hiU, is a curious monument called the Tanella di PUagora (firom the oonfasion commonly made between Corteoa and Crotooa), which was in reality an Etruscan tomb, oonstrocted of vast blocks and slabs of stone, instead of bdng excavated in the rock, as was their more common practice. A re- markable mound, commonly caDed 11 Mdone, which stands at the foot of the hill near Camusda, has been also proved by excavation to be sepulchral. Numerous minor relics of antiquity have been dis- covered at Cortona, and are preserved in the Museum there : this is more rich in bronzes than pottaiy, and among the former is a bronze lamp of large size, which for beauty of workmanship is considered to surpass all other spedmens of this description of Etruscan art (Dennis, Le, p. 442 : who has given A full account of all the andent remains still visible at Cortona.) [£. H. B.] CORTORIACUM. The Notitia mentions the Cortoriaoenaes as under the command of the general of the cavalry in the Galliae. The Gortoriaoenses imply a pboe Cortoriacum, which was afterwards written Cnrtrioum, and is now Cburtrm, in the Bd- gian province of West Flanders. In the Capitn- CORYCU& 693 laries of Charles the Bold, a. d. 858, the Pagus Curtridsus is mentioned between "Adertisus et Flandra." The Flemish name of Cowrtrai is Cor- tryk. (D^Anville, JVb«wc, ^.) [G. L.] CORTUOSA, a town of Etmria, taken and de- stroyed by the Romans, b. o. 368. (Liv. vi. 4.) It appears to have been situated in the territory of Tarquinii, and a mere dependency of that dty, as well as CoDtenebra, mentioned in the same passage. Both are otherwise wholly unknown. [E. H. B.] CORY (K£pv, Ptol. vii. 1. § 96), according to Ptolemy, an idand in the Sinus Argarlcus, at the southern end of the peninsula of Hindostan. There can be little doubt that it is the same place which he describes dsewhere (viL 1. § 1 1) as a promontory : K«pv tucpoy rb Ktd KdhJsxyiKov, — implying that it bore also the name of Galligicum. There can be little doubt that the name is preserved in the present HamUeram or Ramanam Kor. [Oolchi ; Go- us.] [V.] CORYBANTIUM. [Hamaxitus.] CORYBISSA. [Scepsis.] CORY'CIUM. [DBLPHI.J CCRYCUS {lHApvKosi Eth. Kapwctos, K»puKti&- Ti|f). 1. In Lycia, is mentioned in the Stadiasmus, which places it betwen Olympus (^Ddiktaah) and Phaselis. This agrees with Strabo, who speaks of the Kc^icof afyia)Ur,on the coast of Lycia (p. 666). The Turks call this coast north of Olympus, TchircUy. (Beaufort, Karamaniaf p. 47.) 2. The name of a promontory on the coast of Cilida Tradieia. (Strab. p. 670.) Cape Corycus is now Korghosif plainly a corraption of the ancient name. After mentioning the Calycadnus, Strabo — whose description proceeds from west to east — mentions a rock called Poodle; then Anemurium, a promont<M7 of the same name as the other [Anb- mubium] ; then the island Crambusa, and jthe pro- montory Corycns, 20 stadia above which — that b, 20 stadia inland — is the Corycian cave. Beaufort found it difficult to select a point which should cor- respond to this Anemurium. North of the month of the Calycadnus he found *' two decayed and unin- habited fortresses, called Korghot jrai!xfer (castles); the one standing on the mamland, and connected wiUi the rains oif an andent town; and the other covering the whde of a small island dose to the shore." He thinks that the little fortified island may be Strabo's Crambusa, and that Cape Corycus is perhaps a small point of land towards which the ruins of the dty extend. (^KoramamOy p. 240, &c.) Leake supposes the ishmd to be what Strabo calls tiie promontory; and the castle on the shore to stand on the site of Corycus, a town which Strabo has not noticed. But a town Corycus is mentioned by Livy (xxxiii 20), and by Plmy (v. 27), and Mela (i. 13), and Stephanus («. v. KdSpvfros). The walls of the castle on the mainland contain many pieces of colmmu; and " a mole of great un- hewn rocks projects from one angle of the fortress about a hundred yards across the bay." (Beaufort) The walls of the ancient dty may still be traced, and there appear to be sufildent remains to invite a carefhl examination of the spot There are coins of Corycus. In the Corydan cave, says Strabo, the best erocus (saffron) grows. He describee this cave as a great hollow, of a circular form, surrounded by a margin of rock, on all odes of a considerable hdght ; on de- scending into this cavity, the ground is found to be uneven and genendly rocky, and it is filled with YY8