Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/83

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AEXONE.

removed by Augustus to people iiie

atj tf ^Qeopolia, which he fbnnded to oommemorate fab fieUKy at Actiiun, b. c. 31 ; and in his time the cDOBtiT is described by Stnbo as utterly worn oat aad fihamstied. (Stnb. p. 460.) Under the Ronam the AftoBans appear to have remained in the sane rode oonditioQ in which they had always been. Tke interior of AetoUa was probably rarely risited by the RiwMffw, for the had no road in the inland part of tl» country; and their only road was one leading from the coast of Acamania across the Achelons, hf Pleann and Calydon to Chalcis and Molycreia oe the Aetolian coast. (Comp. Biandst&ten, Die €e$ekiekten cfet Aetolis^en LandeSf VoUbu und Bmde$, Berlin, 1844.)

The towns in Aetolia were: I. In Old Aetolia. 1. la the lower plain, between the sea and Moont Aneynthos, Caltdon, Puiubok, Olenus, PyLDn, Cm/LLCiB (these 5 are the Aetolian towns n^^mtmA fj Homer), Hauctbna, Elaeus, Pa»anuM or Phaxa, Pboscbium, Itboria, Cohopb (lAawards ArsinoS), Ltsdcaghia. In the npper fUa K. of Moont Aneynthos, Acrajc, Metafa, pAMPSIAyPHmUM, TbICHOMIUK, THBSrTIKllSBS, Thkbmuii. In Aetoiia Epictetos, on the seacoast, JUcmiA, MoLTCBKiUK or MoitTGBSiA : a little in the interior, on the borders of Locrisi PonDAXiA, CaocTLEiuii, Tbchiux, ABomuM: further in the interior, Caluux, Oechalia [see p.65,a.], AfeBABTiA, AoBDnuM , Ephyn, the last of which was a town of the AgraeL [Agbabi.] The site of the fbiloiang towns is quite uiknown: — Ellopiam CEAA^nor, Pol. ap. Steph. B. s. r.); Thorax (Bc^f^j a. r.); Pherae (^c^ Steph. B. <. v.). AFBIGA 67 COIN OF AKTOLZA.

AEXO'NE. [Attica.]

AFFELAE (Eth. Affilanus), a town of Latium, in the nure eitwndfid sense of the term, bat which most prohafaiy have in earlier times belonged to the HerIt is stiU called Affile, and Lb situated in the district S. cf the valley of the Anio, aboat 7 miles from Subiaco, We learn from the tieatise ascribed to Frontinas (de Colon. p. 230), that its territory was colonized in the time of the Giaoefai, bat it never enjoyed the rank of a colony, and Pliny mfntions it only among the "oppida" of Latium. (H. N. iii. 5. § 9.) Inscriptions, fragments «f oolinnna, and ofther ancient relics are still risible in the modern village of Affile. (Nibby, Diniomi di Moma, ToLLp, 41.) [ E. H. B. ]

AFFLIA'NUS or AEFLIA'NUS MONS (the latter form of the name appears to be the mon; comet) was the name given in andeot times to a ■noBtain near Tibur, fnmUng the plain of the Caa^agna and now called Monte S. Angelo, though Bsriud on GeII*s map as Monte Affiano. The ^^'*~'tit' aqueduct was carried at its foot, where the rnaaiBs of it still visible are remarkable for the UdaeM and grandeur f£ their construction. An iBKriptign irfiich records the oom]^tion of some of

tbcK VQcfcs has yitau i ed to us the ancient name of

AFRICA.

the mountain. (Nibby, Dintorni di Roma, vol. i. p. 25; Fabretti, Inscr. p. 637.) [ E. H. B. ]

A'FRICA (Άφρική: Adj. Afer, Africus, Africanus), the name by which the quarter of the world still called Africa was known to the Romans, who received it from the Carthaginians, and applied it first to that part of Africa with which they became first acquainted, namely, the part about Carthage, and afterwards to the whole continent. In the latter sense the Greeks used the same Libya (Άφρική only occurring as the Greek form of the Latin Africa); and the same name is continually used by Roman writers. In this work the continent is treated of under Libya; and the present article is confined to that portion of N. Africa which the Romans called specifically Africa, or Africa Propria (or Vera), or Africa Provincia (Άφρική ή ίδίως), and which may be roughly described as the old Carthaginian territory, constituted a Roman province after the Third Punic War (B.C. 146).

The N. coast of Africa, after trending W. and E. with a slight rise to the N., from the Straits of Gibraltar to near the centre of the Mediterranean, suddenly falls off to the S. at C. Bon (Mercurii Pr.) in 37° 4' 20" N. lat, and 10° 63' 35" E. long., and preserves this general direction for about 3° of latitude, to the bottom of the Gulf of Khabs, the ancient Lesser Syrtis; the three chief salient points of this E. part of the coast, namely, the promontories of Clypea (at the N., a little S. of C. Bon) and Caput Vada (Kapoudiah, about the middle), and the island of Meninx (Jerbah, at the S.), lying on the same meridian. The country within this angle, formed of the last low ridges by which the Atlas sinks down to the sea, bounded on the S. and SW. by the Great Desert, and on the W. extending about as for as 9° E. long., formed, roughly speaking, the Africa of the Romans; but the precise limits of the country included under the name at different periods can only be understood by a brief historical account.

That part of the continent of Africa, which forms the S. shore of the Mediterranean, W. of the Delta of the Nile, consists of a strip of habitable land, hemmed in between the sea on the N. and the Great Desert (Sāhǎra) on the S., varying greatly in breadth m its E. and W. halves. The W. part of this sea-board has the great chain of Atlas interposed as a barrier against the torrid sands of the Sāhǎra; and the N. slope of this range, descending in a series of natural terraces to the sea, watered by many streams, and lying on the S. margin of the N. temperate zone, farms one of the finest regions on the surface of the earth. But, at the great bend in the coast above described (namely, about C. Bon), the chain of the Atlas ceases; and, from the shores of the Lesser Syrtis, the desert comes close to the sea, leaving only narrow slips of habitable land, till, at the bottom of another great bend to the S., forming the Greater Syrtis (Gulf of Sidra), the sand and water meet (about 19° E. long.), forming a natural division between the 2 parts of N. Africa. E. of this point lay Cyrenaica, the history of which is totally distinct from that of the W. portion, with which we are now concerned.

For what follows, certain land-marks must be borne in mind. Following the coast E. of the Fretum Gaditanum (Straits of Gibraltar) to near 2° W. long., we reach the largest river of N. Africa, the Malva, Mulucha, or Molocbath (Wady Mulwia or Mohalou), which now forms the boundary of Ma-