Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/89

AGATHTBSt vaSm «f Alnntiiiin. The latter city maj, howefrer, be pheed with much more probability at S. Marco [AurmrM] : and the rniiis near S. Frat^Uo woald limbe those of AgaUijma, there being no other city cf say znagnitiide that we know of in this part q{ SicOr. Two ohjectioins, however, ranam: I. that the dblance fium this site to Tjrndaiis is greater than that given by any of the anthoritieSi being certainly net ksa than 36 miles: 2. that both Pliny and Pto- koy, from the oider of their enumeration, appear to phee Agathyma Letweeu Alontiam and XyndariB, sad tbenfore if the former city be correctly fixed at & Marco, Agathyma mnst be looked for to the £. «f that town. FaaeHoaooordingly placed it near Capo Oriaadoi, hat admits that th^ were scarcely any Todges visible there. The qnestion is (ne hardly sasoqicible of a satisfactoiy condnsion, as it is im- OQ any view to xeooocile the data of all om* the aigmnents in favour of the ^cjtie Jklei seem on the whole to pedominate. UnfOTtn • iHldy the imns there have not been examined by sny recent tnavdler, and have very probably disap- peared. Captain Smyth, however, speaks of the re- ■wns of a fine Boman bridge as visible in the Fimmmn di Boaa Marma between this place and S. Marco. (FaseU. ix. 4, p. 384, 5. p. 391 ; Cluver. £feil p. 995 ; Smyth's Sidbfy pi 97.) [£. H. B.] AGATHYRSI CAydBvfMroi, 'AyaBOpatot), a pei^ of Sarmatia Europaea, very fitvqnently men- tionsd by the ancient writers, bat m difierent posi- tioBa. Their name was known to the Greeks veiy coriy, if the Pieisander, from whom Snidas («. v.) sttl Strphanns Byzantinas («. v.) qnote an absurd nnlikd etymokigy of the name (jhth ruy dvptrvy rti AiiFotroti) be the poet Pelaander of Rhodes, B. G. 645; hat he is much more probably the yiNDiger Pdaander of Laraoda, a.d. 222. Another Djtfa IS repeated by Herodotus, who beard it from the Greeks on the Euxine; that Hercules, on his retani from his adventure against Geiyon, passed through the xegion of Hylaea, and there met the FfhMn^^ who bore him three sons, Agathyrsus, Oeknos, and Scythes; of whom the last alone was dble to bold a how and to wear a belt, which Her- cuks had left hehind, in the same manner as Her- cides himadf had used them ; and, accordingly, in ebe&noe to their fiither^s command, the Echidna Aove the two dder out of the land, and gave it to Scythes (Herod, iv. 7 — 10 : comp. Tsetz. Chil. viii. 222, 759). Herodotus himsdf, also, r^azds the .Agathyni aa not a Scythian people, but as closely related to the Scythians. He places them about the upper coone of the river Karis {Maro§ch)f that k, in the SEb part of Dada, or the modem Tnm- tglnmin (iv. 4: the Maris, however, does not fiiU Erectly, as he states, into the Ister, Dcmubey but into that great tributary of the Danube, the Theits). they were the first of the peoples bordering on ScyUiia, to one going inland from the Ister; and next to them the Neuri (iv. 100). Being thus se- parated by the ^. Carpathian mountains from Srythia, they were able to refuse tho Scythians, tjiag before Dareius, an entrance into their country (Hrrod. iv. 125). How far N. they extended cannot be ddermined firam Herodotus, for he assigns an g mneuus coone to the Ister, N. of which he oon- fUea the land to be quite desert [ScnrTHiA.] The btff wrUen, for the roost part, place the Agathyrsi father to the N., as is the case with nearly all the flevthian tribes; vr Ff*^ place them on the Palus Mae- olM and some mkmd; and they are generally spdcen AGISTMBA. 73 of in close connection with the Sarmatians and t];e Geloni, and are regarded as a Scythian tribe (Ephor. ap. Scymn. Fr. v. 123, or 823, ed. Meineke ; Mela ii 1; Plin. iv. 26 ; PtoL iii. 5; Dion. Perieg. 310; Avien. Deter, Orb. 447 ; Steph. B. ». v. ; Suid. «. v. &C.). In their oountiy was found gold and also precious stones, among which was tiie diamoiui, m^tar TOf^wiijrtfv (Herod, iv. 104 ; Amm. Marc xxii. 8; Dion. Perieg. 317). According to Hero- dotus, they were a luxurious race (aff/N>Tdroc, Ritter explains this as referring to fine clothing), and wore much gold : they had a community of wives, in order that aJl the people might r^ard each other as brethren ; and in their other customs they resembled the Thradans (iv. 104). They lived under kingly government; and Herodotus mentions their king Spaigapeithes as the murderer of the Scythian king, .Ajriapeithes (iv. 78). Frequent allusions are made by later writers to their custom of painting (or rather tattodng) their bodies, in a way to incUcate their rank, and staining their hair a dark blue (Virg. Aen. iv. 146; Serv. ad loc; PUn. iv. 26; Solin. 20 ; Avien. I. &; Ammian. 2. c; Mela ii. 1 : Agaihyrsi ora (Xiutque pingunt: tU quique nuyoribut prae" stani, ita tnagia, vel mimu: ceterum iudem omneg notUf et sic-iU ablui nequeant), Aristotle men- tions their practice of solemnly reciting their laws lest they should foi^t them, as observed in his time (^Fi^. xix. 28). Finally, they are mentioned by Virgil (/. c) among the worshippers of the Delian Apollo, where their name is, doubtless, used as a specific poetical synonym for the Hyperboreans in general: — " mixtiqae altaria circum Creteaque Dryopesque firemunt pictique Agathyrsi.** Niebuhr (Kldne Schriftea^ vol. i p. 377) regards the Agathyrsi of Herodotus, or at least the people who oocapied the position assigned to them by Hero- dotus, as the same people as the Getae or Dacians (Ukert, voLiii.pt. 2, pp. 418-421 ; Georgii,vol. ii.pp. 302, 303 ; Kttcr, VorhaUe, pp. 287, foil.) [P. S.] AGBATANA [Ecbatana.] AGENDICUM, or AGETINCUM in the Pen- tinger Table, one of the chief towns of the Senones in the time of Caesar {B. (r. vi. 44, viL 10, 57). The orthography of the word varies in the MSS. of Caesar, where there is Agendicum, Agedincum, and Agedicum. If it is the town which w^s after- wards called Senones (Amm. Marc. xvi. 3, Senonas oppidum), we may condnde that it is represented by the modem toivn of SenSj (m the river Tonne. Some critics have supposed that ProvvM represents Agendicum. Under the Boman empire, in the later division of Gallia, Agendicum was the diief town of iiUgdunensis Quarta, and it was the centre of several Boman roads. In the walls of the dty there are some stones with Boman inscriptions and sculptures. The name Agredicum in the Antonine Itineraxy may be a oormption of Agendicum. ^ [G. L.] AGINNUM or AGENNUM {Agm was the chief town of the Kitiobriges, a tribe situated be- tween the Garumna and the Ligeris in Caesar^s time (^B. G. vii. 7, 75). Aginnum was on the road from Burdigala to Argentomagus (It Antonin.). It is the origin of the modem town of Agen^ on the river Garonne, in the department of Lot and Garonne, and contains some lUmian remains. Aginnum is mentioned by Ansonius (^Ep. xxiv. 79); and it was the birthplace of Sulpidus Severas. [G. L.") AGISYMBA, i'Ayiovtil8a the general naroo