Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/160

fines: tetweeo LinHxram (^P&Uieri) and ArgentomagoB (^Argenkm en Berrt) ; and half way bstween the two towns. lyAnville snppoaea that Fines may he represented bj Heitu, which is situated at the osundaiy of the territory of the Fictones or Pictayi, to which limonnm belonged, and at the commence- ment of the territory of the Bituriges. He adds, what seems probable, that Heina may be a cormpted form of Fines. 9. The Anton. Itin. places fines between Gondate Redannm {Rame$) and Alanna [Af jluka], and 28 AL P. from Remet, There can be no doabt that Fines marks the limits of the territory of the Re- dones on the road to Alamia ; and D'AnVille sapposes that it marks the bonndaiy between the Bedones and the Abrincatni. [Abringatul] D'AnyiUe finds here also a |dace called Winet or Hmne» near the sea, which he supposes to represent Fines; but his argxmient is more ingenious than satisfactory. Walckenaer fixes Fines at AiUraii^ which is in or very near to a straight line joining jBennes and Avrandtet. 10. Fines occnrs in the Table between Subdin- nam (Z^ Man$), the capital of the Cenomani, and Caesarodunmn {Towt as Walckenaer has it (^Giog. dea GcuiUt^ <fc. vol. ilL p. 60). D'Anville gives a different aocoant of the matter, which is too obscare to be worth discossing. Walckenaer iden- tifies Fines with Chdteau du Loir. 11. The Table marks Fines between Genabnm {OrUam} and Agedincnm (^Sena), The distance of Fines fnnn Orleans is 15 M. P. The place seems to be at the boondaiy between the dioceses of Orleans and SenSy for as a general role the limits of the old French dioceses iiidicate the territory of the Gallic cities. Walckoiaer places Fines in the Forest of Orleans. The next place to Fines is Aquae Segeste [Aquae Sboestb], and the next is Sens. 12. The Antonine Itin. places Fines between Au- gusta Sneesionum (^Soissons) and Duroccrtorum (JSstnw), 13 Gallic leagues from SoissonSf and 12 from Beims. The inscription of Tongem places Fines halfway between the two cities, the interval between which it makes 24 Gallic leagues. There can be no doubt that a place named Fismes repre- sents Fines, for the distances agree as well as we can suppose that they should, when we do not know pre- cisely the pmnts in the two towns from which they were measured; and Fismes is on the common boun- dary of the dioceses of Soissons and Reims. 13. The Antooine Itin. places Fines between Vi- rodunum (Verdun) and Ibliodurum. The next station to Ibliodurum is Divodurum (Afets). The distance firom Verdun to Fines is 9 Gallic leagues, and from Fines to Ibliodurum it is 6. Ibliodurum, as the name shows, is on a river; and it is supposed to be SamtonviUej at the passage of the Iron. The numbers in the Itin. fix Fines at a place called MarcheviUey between Verdun and the passage of the Iron! and the word MarcheviUe oontains the Teutonic element March or Mork^ which means a boundary or frontier. It is probable that Fines marked the limits of the Virodunenses and the Me- dlomatrici, whose chief place was Divodurum. 14. The Table places Ad Fines next to a place called Nasmm {Naix)j on the river OmeZf above har-le-Due. Nasium is one of the towns which Ptolemy assigns to the Leud, who were south of the Mediomatrid. Walckenaer pUtoes tliis Fines, ac- cording to his exposition {Oiog. voL ill p. 87), be- tween Nasiimi and Tnllum (7W), and at a phwe FIBMUM. 901 called Fouff. D*Anville finds a place called Feins, on the same side of the Omeg; but its distance from Naix does not agree with the 14 Gallio leagues of the Table. 15. Both the Antonine Itin. and the Table place Fines between Vemania (^Immenstadt) and Vindo- nissa ( WindiscK). The stations are in this order : — Vemania, Brigantia (^re^fais), Arbor Felix (Arbon), Fines iPfin), ATitodurum (Wintertkur), and Vin- donissa. The two Itins. agree pretty nearly in the distance from Arbor to Fines. Arbor (^Arbon) is on the west side of the Lake of Constane^ and Pfyn or Pfn is on the river ThuTj in the Tkurgau. D'An- ville observes that the position of this place (Fines) indicates the boundary which the Romans had fixed between Maxima Sequanorum and Rhaetia; for it appears by the Notitia of the Empire, that a post which was established at Arbore {Arion), between Fines and Biigantia, was under the orders of the ge- neral who commanded in Rhaetia. [G. L.] FINIS BITHYNIAE, a station on the road which led from Clandiopolis to Gordium or Juliopolis, in Galatia. {IHn. Bierosol) In the Peutinger Table it appears under the form of Finis Ciliciae, with which it must not be confounded. [£. B. J.] FIRMUM (*lptuivi Eth. Firmanus: Fermo an important dty of Picenum, situated about 6 miles from the Adriatic, and 25 fh>m Ascnlum. We have no account of it previous to the Roman conquest of Picenum, but it was doubtless one of the cities of that people, and after their subjugation was selected by the Romans for the establishment of a colony, which was settled there at the beginning of the First Punic War. (Veil. Pat. i. 14.) Hence Firmum is mentioned by Livy among the thirty Latin o)lonies during the Second Punic War: it was one of the 18 which continued steadfast to Rome under the most trying drcumstances. (Liv. xxviL 10.) During the Sodid War (b. c. 90) it again appears as a strong fortress, in which Pompeius took refuge after his defeat by the Italian generals Judacilius and Afra- nius, and in which he was able to defy the arms of the hitter, whom he eventually defeated in a second battle under the walls of Firmum. (Appian, B. C. L 47 ) It is again mentioned during the Civil War of Caesar and Pompey, when it was occupied by the former without resistance. (Cic. adAtt viii. 12. B.) Under Augustus it received a fresh col(my, and we find it in consequence bearing in inscriptions the colonial title, though Pliny does not mention it as such, but the name of Firmum appears to be acci- dentally omitted from his text (Plin. iii. 13. s. 18, Lib. Colon, p. 226; Orell. Inscr. 2223, 31 18, 3406; Znmpt. de Colon, p. 335.) After the M of the Roman Empire Firmum again appears as a strong fortress, which was taken and retaken by Belisarius and Totila. (Procop. B. 0. ii. 16, 20, iil. 11, 12.) It seems to have been then one of the principal towns of Picenum, as it continued under the exarchs of Ravenna, and has retained the same consideration ever since. It is still the see of an archbishop, and capital of a province called the Marca di Fermo. It Is frequently distinguished by the epithet Picenum (^ipfwp Tluafu6ry Strab. ; Firmum Picenum, Val. Max. ix. 15. 1; OrelL Inscr. 3406), as if for the purpoee of avdding confiision with some other town of the name, but no such is known. About 5 miles from Fkmum, at the mouth of the little river Leta, was the port or emporium of the dty, called Castellum or Castrum Firmanum, which is confounded by Mela with Firmum itself. It is 3 M 3