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QALATIA. The three tribes, when permanently settled, occn- pled part of tlie oonntry between the Songarins and the Halys. Memnon incorrectly says that the chief city of the Trocmi was Ancyra; of the Tolistoboii, Tavia or Taviam; and of the Tectosages, Pessinos. (Memnon, ap, PkoL c. 20.) The complete reduction of the Asiatic Galli was reserved for their hereditary enemies the Romans. Though they had now a coontiy of their own, they still plondeied their neigh- boors, and were a formidable power to the time of the wars of Antiochas the (}reat with the Romans. They fooght on the side of Antioehus in the great battle at Magnesia ad Sipylnm, in which the Syrian king was defeated (b.c. 190); and the oonsol Cn. Manlins, in b. c. 189, made this a pretext for inrad- ing their oonntiy. Bnt his real groonds were better than his pretext. He saw that the Romans oonld not secure their power in Western Asia, if the Galli were not subdued. He led his troops from Ephesus by a circuitous route into Gallograecia, as Livy calls it (xxxviii. 12). The consul, after entering Phrygia, passed by Synnada, Beudos yetus, Anabura, and the sources of the Alander to Abbauus, which was on the borders of the Toliatoboii, where he halted and encoursged his men. He then marched through the woodless tract [Axti/)s], crossed the Sangarius, and reached Gordium. He was accompanied in this expedition by Attains, the brother of Eumenes, king of Pergamum, who was now at Rome. The Galli had enemies in their own countiy, the natire Phrygians. The priests of the Plater Magna from Pessinos met the consul with sacerdotal pomp, and declared that the goddess had promised the Romans Tictory. The GaUi had moved off with their women, children, flocks, and carts to the mountains. The Tolistoboii occupied a strong place on the range of Olympus; the Tectosages chose another moun- tainous spot named Magaba; and the Trocmi, leaving their wives and children to the care of the Tectosages, turned to help the Tolistoboii, against whom the consul was marching. Manlius, who was both bold and cautions, looked at the ground well before he attacked such desperate fighters. He had a great superiority in all munitions of war, and chiefly in light troops, who could annoy the enemy at a dis- tance. The entrenchment of the Galli was stormed and the ground was covered with their dead bodies, whether 40,000 or a smaller number the authorities do not agree, and it is not material An immense number of men, women, and children were made prisoners. (Liv. xxxviii. 18 — 23; Florus, iL 11.) The consul now marched to Ancyra to attack the Tectosages, who were 10 miles from that town. WhUe the Galll were amusing him with negotiations, an event happened, for which there is better evidence than for most romantic stories; and it gives us some insight into the character of these GaUi. Ghiomara, the wife of a Gallic prince, Ortiagon, was among the prisoners, and she was the captive of a Roman centurion. The man not being able to corrupt her chastity, used violence. But lost was not his only passion. He was greedy of money; and he accepted the ofler of a huge ransom. Aoconling to agreement^ lie went alone with the woman to the banks of a river, on the oppceite side of which the Gallic friends of Ghiomara were ready with the money. The Gall! crossed the river, gave the money, and received the woman; and while the greedy Roman was counting it, one of them, on a signal given by Chioman in her own language, cut off the centurion's head. She wrapped up the bloody head in her clothes, and on you L GALATIA. 929 meeting her husband, threw it down before him. She told her story, and her husband exclaimed, « My wife, fidelity is a glorious thing." « True," she replied, ^ but still more glorious that there ^ould be only one man living wlw has known me." The historian Polybius says that he talked with Ghio- mara at Sardis, and he was amazed at her noble spirit and her good sense. We may perhaps infer that Ghiomara had learned the Greek language in Gaktia. (Liv. xxxviii 24; Phit. MoroL il p. 58, Wytt; Valer. Max. vl 1. § 2.) The treacheiy of the Tectoeages, according to the Roman historian, stopped the negotiations. They only wanted to get time to send their women and children, and moveables^ beyond the Halys; and they made an attempt to seize the Roman conttul Manlius carried the strong position of the Tectosages as he had done that of the Tolistoboii, and this victory ended the campaign. As the cold weather was coming on, tiie consul retired after giving the Galli orders to see hun at Ephesus. In Uie winter there came to Manlius, who was now proconsul, the year of his consulship having expired, embassies from all the states west of the Taurus. They brought him golden crowns, and their thanks for delivering them from the incursions of the Galll The Gallic envoys were told that they must wait the arrival of king Eumenes, who was stiU absent, before their affairs could be settled. It was on the hanks of the Hel- lespont, a country which the Galli well knew, that the Roman proconsul dictated his terms to the Gallic chiefs, who had been summoned there: they were to keep the peace with Eumenes, to give up wandering about, and to confine themselves within their own limits. (Liv. xxxviii 4a) The humiliation of these terrible invaders, who for a century had kept Western Asia in alarm, made the Roman name known in the East, and, even more than their victoiy over Antioehus the Great, contributed to their future dominion in Asia. Judas Maccabeus, the heroic leader of the Jews, heard of the fiune of the Romans: **lt was told him also of their wars and noble acts which they had done among the Gaktians, and how they had conquered them, and brought them under tribute " (Mace. I 8. v. 2). The oommentaters sup- pose that the Galli of Europe are meant here, and the omtext is consistent with this explanation; but the Jews could not be ignorant of the defeat of the Asiatic Galli, which so soon followed that of Anti- oehus, ** the great king of Asia" (Maoc I 8. ▼. 6) ; and we must conclude that the Gaktians of this chapter included the Gahitians of Asia, whom the Jews had seen or heard of in the armies of the Egyptian and Syrian kings, and whose horrible bar- bwities were known through aU the East Manlius did not obtain a triumph at Rome for his great victories without opposition from the majority <? the ten Roman legati who had attended him to assist in the settlement of Asia afWr the defeat of Antioehus. They objected that he had no commission from the semi^ or the Roman people to cany on war with the GaUi, and they meanly attempted to disparage his genendship and the enemies wh(»n he had subdued. Manlius defended himself in a vigorous speech, of which Livy (xxxviii. 47) has given the substance, and he got a triumph. In the procession he dis- played gold and silver crowns of great value, and an immense amount tH coined money, probably the gift of the grateful Asiatic cities, for Manlius had main- tained strict discipline, and he is not accused of plundering. Gallic arms and Gallic spoils were carried 8o
