Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/284

HAEMODAE.' • HAEMODAE. [Hebudbs.] HAEMUS or AEMUS (^ A^r, rh fjftov 6fws, or A!fios : BaUcany, a large range of mouatains in the north of Thraoe, which in its widest sense is swd to extend from the Adriatic in the west to the Euzine in the east, (Anonym. PeripL PonL Evx. p. 13); Amm. Marc. xxi. 10.) Herodotus (yr, 49) does not describe the extent of the range, though he applies the name to heights west of meant Rhodope, where the river Gins, a tribntaiy of the Ister, is represented as dividing mount Haemns into two halves. Bat most other writers apjJy the name Haemoa, like the modem Balkan, only to the eastern part of this range from meant Scoroios in the west to the Eaxine, where it terminated between the towns of Nanlochus and Meaembria. Its western beginning is aboot the soarces of the rivers Isker and Maritza. (Strab. vii. pp. 319, 320; Arrian, Ptripl, p. 24; Plin. iv. 18.) The range of Haemns is in no part particularly high, althoogh there was a notion among the ancients, that f^ram its highest peak both the Adriatic and the Enxine oonid be seen. (Pomp. Mel. ii. 2.) Bat even Strabo (vU. pp. SIS and 317) has refnted this error, which apparently originated with Theopompos and Polybios, though the last aathor admitted that s person might ascend the mountain in one day. Pliny (iv. 18), who estimates its height at 6000 paces, states that on its summit there existed a town called Aristaeam. The highest parts of the moontain are described as covered with snow daring the greater part of the year. (Horn. It xiv. 227 ; Theocrit viL 76.) Modem travellers estimate the height of the great Balkan, between So6a and Kec- saulik, at 3000 feet, and that of the little Balkan at 2000. The northem side of mount Haemns is less precipitous than the southern one. (Amm. Marc xxL 10.) The mountain has altogether six passes by which it may be crossed without much di£Sculty, But the principal one, which was best known to the ancients, is the westernmost, between Phillppopolis and Serdica, and is caDed by Amm. Marcellinus the pass of Sued or Succortun angustiae (xxi. 1 0, xxiL 2, xxvi. 10, xxvii. *4, |xxxi. 16) ; it now bears the name of Stulu Derhendy and is sometimes called Porta Trajani. The people dwelling on and about mount Haemns are goierally called Thracians, but the following tribes are particularly mentioned : the Crobyd (Herod. I c; Strab. vii. p. 318), the CoraUi (Strab. vii. p 301), the Besti, and some less known tribes. All of them were regarded by the Romans as robbers, and the AiH 'm particular are described as pirates in- iesting the coasts of the Eaxine, until they were transplanted by Philip of Macedonia. The name Haemns seems to be connected with the Gi-eek Xc<fM, x*^t^i ^^^ t^c Sanscrit himan and hemanf according to which it would signify the cold or stormy mountain; but it is possible also that the name is of Thracian origin. (Comp. Bon^ in Berg- haus, Geogr. Almanachj 1838, pp.26, foil., and by the same author Za r«r;ciiie d Europe, Paris, 1840, in 4 vols. 8va) [L. S.] HAGNUS. [Attica, p. 327.] HALAE ('AAoi), a town situated upon the Opun- tian gulf, but belonging to Boeotia in the time of Strabo and Pau«anias. It is described by Pausanias as ntnated to the right of the river Platanius, and IS the last town of Boeotia. It probably derived its name from some salt springs which are still fomid in its neighbourhood. Leake places it on the cape which projects to the northward beyond JUeUesirut yoK I. HALUCMON FL. 1025 and Protkynd, where some mins are said to exist at a chureh of St. John Theologus. (Strab. ix. pp. 405, 42.5; Pans. ix. 24. § 5; Steph. B. «. v.; Leake, Northem GreecSy vol. ii. p. 288.) HALAE ARAPHE'NIDES. [AincA,p.S82,a.] HALAE AXO'NIDES. [Attica, p 32 7, b.] HALAESA. [Alaesa.] HALES or HALE'SUS CAXi?», gen, 'Ahtyros), a small river of Ionia in Asia Minor, descending from Meant Cercaphus, and emptying itself, after a short course, into the Aegean near Colophon. (Plin. V. 31 ; Liv. xxxvii. 36.) Its water is said to hare been colder than that of any river in Asia Minor. (Paus. vii. 5. § 5, viii. 28. § 2 ; Tzetz. ad Lycoj^ 424.) Some suppose that this river is spoken of in a fragment of Mimnermus, quoted by Strabo (xiv. p 634), where, however, the common reading is 'AoT^crrof (see Cramer's note). Arandell ( Viiit to the Seven Churches^ p. 306) believes this river to be the same as tlie ffavagichay, while othera iden • tify it with the Tartalu, [L. S.] HALE'SION ('AXiiffiov we«oy) <* the salt-plain,** a small district in the south-west of Troas, south of the river Satinoeis. (Strab xiii. p. 605.) It de- rived its name from the circimutanoe that, during a part of the year, the country was overflown by the sea, which, on withdrawing, left behind a sediment of salt. Salt-w(u:ks accordingly existed there at a place called the Tragasaean &lines (rh Tpayaaeuov aoir^io¥). There was a story that Lysimachus levied a duty on the collectors of the salt, and that thereupon the salt disappeared altogether, but re- appeared on the withdrawal of the tax. ( Athen. iiu p. 73; comp. Pollux, vi. 10; Plin. xxxi. 41 ; Galen, de Temp, Med, Sin^ ii. p. 151 ; Hesych. s. v. Tpccyiurtuoi ; Steph. B. s.w, *AX^<rfos and Tpdyatraiy who, however, by mistake transfers the plain to Epirus.) According to Leake, the neighbouring hills are composed of salt rock; and the salt-works, which are still in existence, are called by the Turks Tuzla. (Asia Minor, pp 273, fdl.) [L. S.] HALEX or ALEX (*AAn( or "AAi?! : there is much discrepancy with regard to the aspirate), a small stream in the S. of Brattium between Locri and Rhegium, which, according to Strabo (vL p260), formed the boundary between the territories of the two cities. Thucydides tells us that the Locrians had a small fort or out-poet (rtptTtSKunf^ on its banks, which was taken by the Athenians under Laches (iii. 99). This has been magnified by geographers into a town of the name of Peripolium ; but was evidently nothing more than a fortified poet to guard the frontier. (See Arnold's note.) Strebo relates of the Halex the peculiarity assigned by other writen to the Caecinus, another river of Brattium, that the cicadae on the one side of it were silent, and those on the other musical ; and he cites from Timaeus a mythical explanation of the phenomenon. (Strab. vi. p. 260 ; Timaeus, ap. Antig. CarysL 1 ; Conon. Narrat 5.) Diodorus gives another version of its origin, but describes the silence as extending to both confines (iv. 22). The river HaIpx still retains its name with Uttle variation as the ^ /ice : its mouth is about 8 miles E. of the Capo delF Armi, the ancient Leucopetra, and 15 miles W. of CapeSpar^ Hvento. [E. H. B.] HALIACMON FL. ('AAiiUjuwt', Hesiod, Th. 341 ; Herod, vii. 127; Scyl. p. 26; Strab. vii. p. 330; Ptol. iii. 13. §§ 15, 18; Caesar B. C. iii. 36; Liv. xlii. 53; Plin. iv. 10; Claud. B. Get 179: Km- tr'itza; Turkish, Irye-Kara), a river of J^Iacedoma, 3u