Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/308

HERACLEIA. War it again fell into the hands of the Carthaginians, and was one of the b»t places that still held ont AfCunst Marcellus, even after the (all of Sjracnse. (Liv. xxiv. 85, zzr. 37, 40, 41.) . We hear hut little of it under the Roman dominion ; Irot it a|yprar8 to hare suffered severely in the Servile War (b. c. 134 — 132), and in consequence received « bodjr of fresh colcMiists, who were established there by the praetor P. Rapilius ; and at the. same time the rektions of the old and new citizens were regu- lated by a municipal law, which still subsisted in the time of Cicero. (Cic. Verr, ii. 50.) In the days of the great orator, Ueracleia appears to have been still a flourishing pUu:e ( lb. v. 33) ; but it most soon after have fallen into decay, in common with most of the towns on the southern coast of Sicily. (Strab. vi. p. 272.) But though not noticed by Strabo among the few places still subsbting on this coast, it is one €f the three mentioned by Mela; and its continued •zistence is attested by Pliny and Ptolemy. The latter author is the last who mentions the name of ileradeia: it appears to h^ve disappeared before the age of the Itineraries. (Mel. 11. 7. § 16 ; Plin. ill. 8. 8. 14 ; Ptol. iii. 4. § 6.) The site of Heracleia is now wholly deserted, and scarcely any ruins remain to mark the spot ; but the position of the ancient city may still be clearly traced. * It was situated a few hundred yards to the south of the river PleUani (the ancient Halycus), extending nearly from thence to the promontory of Capo Bianco, In Fazello's time the foundations of the "yralls could be distinctly traced, and, though no ruins zemained standing, the whole site abotmded with remains of pottery and brickwork. An aqueduct was then also still visible between the city and the month of the river; but its remains have since disappeared. The site does not appear to have been ejuunined with care by any modem traveller. (FazelL de RA. Sic, vi. 2; Smyth's SicUy, p. 216 ; Biscari, Viaggio in Sicilia^ p. 188.) The Capo BiancOt a conspicuous headland in the immediate neighbourhood of Heracleia, is evidently the one called by Strabo, in his description of the coasts of Sicily, the Heracleian promontory (vi. p. 266), which he correctly reckons 20 miles distant from the port of Agrigentum. [E. H. B.] HERACLEIA PERINTHU& [Pkbimthus.] HERACLEIA, in GalUaNarbonensis. Pliny (iiL5) has preserved a tradition of a town named Hersclea, at the mouths of the Rhone; but he knew no mora jibout it, and we can add nothing to what he knew. Ukert ((fo/iien, p. 418) has a few words on this place. Stephanus (s. v, *HpdK€ia) in his list of towns named Heracleut mentions one in Celtioe. The Maritune Itin., proceeding west from Forum Julii (/r^'tcf), pbces ** Sambracitanus Plagia " 25 M. P. fitNn Forum Julii, and Heniclea Caocabaria 16 M.P. from the Sinus Sambracitanus. D'Anville follows Honors Bouche in placing Heracleia at S, Tropez; but in order to do this he 8up{Hnesses the number 25 between Forum Julii and Sinus Sambracitanus, and assumes that 16 is the whole distance between Forum Julii and Heracleia. This is a very bad way of proceeding; for, unless he can prove some error in the MSS., 1m ought to assume that the distances along the coast are most correctly measured in tlie Itinerary, as they doubtless were. Walckenaer fixes Heracleia at the PoinU CatfoUure, S, Tropez is within the Sinus Sambracitanus. A complete map ^ this coast is necessaiy for the purposes of compa- HERACLEIA. 1040 lative geography. This Heracleia is one of the Greek towns on the south coast of France. [G. L.] HERACLEIA CHfkUrAcia). 11. In Asia. HERACLEIA QHpdMKtta). 1. A town of Caria of uncertain site. (Strab. ziv. pi 658 ; Steph. B. s. v.) Ptolemy (v. 2. § 19) describes it by the addition wp^f 'AXBaif^, (Comp. Plin. v. 29 ; Suid. and Eudocs. v,, where the town has the surname ^AKidtni,) Thia town should not be confounded with the following. 2. A town on the confines between Caria and Ionia, which is generally described as irphs Adrft^^ or ^ ^b Air/iy, from its situation at tlie western foot of mount Latmus, on the Sinus Latmicns. It was a small place in the south^esst of Miletus, and south- west of Amazon, and was sometimes designated simply by the name Latmus. In its neighbourhood a cave was shown with the tomb of Endymion. (ScyUuc, p. 39; Strab. xiv. p. 635; Ptol. v. 2. § 9; Plm. v. 3 1 ; Polyaen. vu. 23 ; Pans. v. 1 . § 4 ; Schol. ad ApoUon. Rhod, iv. 57.) Ruins of this town stilt exist at the foot of mount Latmus on the bordere of lake BaiB, which is probably a portion of the ancient Sinus Latmicns, formed by the deposits of the river Maeander. (Comp. Lrake, Ana Minor ^ p. 239; FelloiK-es, Exc in At. Mia, p. 263, who, confounding the Uke of Baffi with that of Myus, considere the ruins of Heracleia to be those of Myus.) 3. A town on 'the coast of Aeolis, opposite to Hecatonnesi. This town and the neighbouring Cory- phantis are called villages of the Mytilenaeans. (Strab. xiii. p. 607 ; Plin. v. 32, who speaks only of a Beracleotee traetui ; Steph. B. s. v.) 4. Sumamed Pontica, on the coast of Phrygia, in the country of the Mariandyni, was a colony of the Megarians, in conjunction with Tanagraeans from Boeotia. (Pans. v. 26. § 6 ; Justin, xvi 3.) Strabo (xii. p. 542) erroneously calls the town a colony fi Miletus. It was situated a few miles to the north of the river Lycus, and had two ex- cellent harbours, the smaller of which was made artificially. (Xen. Anab, vL 2. § 1 ; Diod. xiv. 31 ; Arrian, PeripL p. 15; Memnon, p. 52.) Owing to its excellent situation, the town soon rose to a high degree of prosperity, and not only reduced the Mari- andyni to subjection, but acquired the supremacy of several other Greek towns in its neighbourhood; so that, at the time of its highest prosperity, it ruled over the whole territoxy extending finom the Sangarins in the west to the Parthenius in the east. A pro- tracted struggle between the aristocracy and the demos (Aristot. PoUt. v. 5) at last obliged the inha- bitants to submit to a tyraimis. In the reign of Dionytdus, one of these tyrants, who was married to a relation of Darius Codomannus, Heracleia reached the zenith of its prosperity. But this sute of things did not last long ; for the rinng power of the Bithynian princes, who tried to reduce that prosperous maritime city, and the arrival of the Galatians in Asia, who were instigated by the kings of Bithynia against Heracleia, deprived the town gradually of a consider- able part of its territory. Still, however, it con- tinued to maintain a very prominent place among the Greek colonies in those parts, until, in the war of the Romans against Mithridates, it received its death blow ; for Aurelius Cotta plundered and partly de- stroyed the town (Memnon, c. 54). It was afterwanla indeed restored, but remained a town of no im- portance {** oppidum," Plin. vi. 1 ; eomp. Strab. xiu p. 543 ; Scylax, p. 34; Ptol v. 1. § 7 ; Mardan. pp. 70, 73 ; Schol. ad ApoUon, Rhod. ii. 748, ad Nicand, Alex, 13; Dnsuth. ad DUmjfi, Per, 791).