DIA'NIUM.(A«£ww), or ARTEMI'SIUM CA/>- Tf/J<rioy), a lofty promontory on the K oout of HiBpania TarracoDensiB, named from a temple of Artemis which stood npon i^, and having in its neighboorbood a town oif the same name. Strabo telk us that between the river Sacro (Jucar) and Carthago Nova {Cartagena)y and not far from the river, there were three small towns, founded by the Massaliots: of these the most celebrated was Heme- rosoopeion (t^ *HixtpoffKovuotf)y having upon the adjacent promontory a most esteemed temple of the Ephesian Artemis, which Sertorius used as his naval head-quarters; for its site b a natural stronghold, and fit for a pirates' station, and visible to a great distance out at sea. It is called Dianium or Arte- misinm, and has near it excellent iron mines and the islets of Planesia and Plumbaria: and above it lies a lake of the sea 400 stadia in circuit. (Strab. iii. p. 159; comp. Cic m Verr, iL 1, v. 36, Steph. B. S.9. 'HfupoarianruoVf and Avien. Or. Marit, 476). Pliny mentions the people of Dianium (Diauenses) among the cMUUeM tiiptmdiairwit of the oonventus of New Carthage (Plin. ill. 3. s. 4); and coins of the town are extant (Sestini, p. 154). It would seem, from these accounts, that Uie Massilians first chose the lofty promontory as a watch-station (^fttpoo'ico- vfZpy), whence it derived its first name; that it be- came better known by the name of the temple of Artoms which they built upon it; and that this latter name was transferred to a town which grew up beside the temple. In the time of Avienus neither town nor temple existed; but the name is now pre- served by the town of Dtnia (also called ^rfemtif), lying a Uttle to the NW. of the triple promontory (called C. S. Martin) which is the chief headland on Uie E. coast of Spain. The lake, of which Strabo speaks, is supposed by some to be that of Albufera de Valencia^ N. of the river Jucar. (Ukert, vol. ii. pt 1, p. 404.) On account of the iron mines men- tioned by Strabo, Mela calls the promontory Feb- BARiA (ii. 6. 7). [P. S.] DiA'NIUM CAfntitUioy : GtanmOg), a small island off the coast cf Etruria, immediately opposite to the Mons Aigentarius or promontory of Cosa. It is distant 7 geog. miles from the nearest point of the nudnlsnd, and 8 from the ndgbbouring island of Igilium. Pliny calls it " Dianium quam Arte- misiam Graeci dixere:** it is evidently the same which is called Artemita by Stephanus ("ApTc/A^Ta, pyfffos Tufi^imtiiy Steph. s. v.), but it is probable this should be *Apr9fdiniO¥. The modem name of Giannuti is a corruption of the Latin Dianium. (Plin in. 6. s. 12; Mela, il 7. § 19. )^[E. H. B.] DIBIO (^Etk. Dibionensis: Dijon) appears to have been in the territory of the Lingones, a people of Gallia Celtica; for the diocese oi Dijon was a part of the diocese of Langres, and was only separated from it in 1721. Dibio is only known as a town of the Boman period from two inscriptions found at the place, which speak of the workers in iron there,
- Fabri ferrsrii Dibionenses," or "Dibione oonsis-
tentes." The place is described by Oregorius of Tours in the sixth century. Many Boman remains have been found there. Dijon is in the departement de la Cote dOr. (D*Anville, NoHee, &c ; Wakkenaer, Giog. &c. voL I p. 418, and Vojfoge de Millin, &c. vol. i. p. 265, to which he refers.) [G. L.} DICAEA (Aucola), a Greek port town on the coast of Thrace on lake Bistonis, in the country of the Bistones. The place appears to have decayed at an early period. Some identi^ it with the modem i^t^Jr/>X* ^' .1/.* *- ", * ^>y DICTYNNAEUM, 778 runiii, and others with BaMron. (Herod, vii. 109; Scykx, p. 27; Strab. vii. p. 331 ; Steph. Byz. s. v.; Plin. iv. 18.) fL. S.] DICAEA'RCHIA. [Putboll] DICALEDONAE, in Britam, mentioned by Am- miaous Maroellinus (xxviL 8) as one of the divisions of the Picts ; the Vecturiones forming the other. There can be but little doubt that in thb word we have the root Cakdon- (in Caiedoni/iCy, with a prefix. Ab little can it be doubted that the same is the case with the Deu-caledonlns Oceanus (g. e.). The meaning of the prefix is another questl<m. See Picn. [B. G. L.] DICTAMNUM (A/icreviiwy, PtoL iii. 17. § 8), a town of Crete, which Pomponius Mela (ii. 7. § 12), who caUs it Dicttnna, describes as being one of the best known in Crete. It was situated to the N.E. of Mt Dictynnaeus, and S.E. of the promontory Psa- cum^ with a temple to the goddess Dictynna. (Di- caearch. 13 ; Stadiasm. ; Scylax.) Mr. Pashley (Trav. vol. ii. p. 29) identifies the site with a place called KanUiiUires, about 3 miles from the ex- tremity of Cape Spddha. Pooocke (TVao. voL iL pt i. pp. 244 — ^245) has described the ruins, and speaks of cisterns and columns existing in his time; and in this, his statement agrees with that of the MSw of the 16th century which has been translated (ifttf. Clou. Antiq. voL ii. p. 299), and fixes the site at a place called ^. Zona di Magnu, 12 miles W. of Canea and 6 from Cope iS/KidAa, on a cansjMcnoua elevation of a lofty mountain. (Hikk, Jfrsto, vol. ii. p. 158.) [E. B.J.] DICTE (Arm?, Strab. x. p. 478; Died. v. 70: Steph. B. ; Alrror, Arat. Pkaen. 33 ; Aficraior Spor, EUftn, M. s. v.; Dictaeos M., PUn. iv. 12: JtdUas)f the well-known Cretan mountain where, according to story, Zeus rested from his labours on earth and in heaven. Here the *' lying Cretan " I dared to show the tomb of the " Father of gods and / ' men," which remained an object of veneration or cu- 1 riosity from an early period to the age of Constan- tine. (Cic. de N. D. m, 21 ; Dtod. iii. 61 ; Lndan, de Sacrtf, 10, vol. i. p. 634, de Jov. Trttgoed, 45, vol. ii. p. 693, ed. Hemst.; Origen. e. Ceh, ii. 143, , p. 475, ed. Par.) The stony slopes of the moun-, « tain rose to the S£. of Cnoesus, on the E. side. Mr. • ^ Pashley found considerable remains of ancient walls at about 100 paces from the summit The frsg-' ments offered good specimens of the polygonal con- struction. {Trav, vol i. p. 220.) These, no doubt, are the remains uf that ancient city described by the Venetian writer {Deecrieione dell* leola di Candia) as lying on the £. or opposite side of the mountain to Lyctus, of which Ariosto (^Orland, Fur, xx. 15) makes mention: — " Fra cento alme dttk ch* erano in Creta, Dictea pi& ricca, e pih piacevol era." On the lower slopes was the fountain, on the wonders of which the Venetian writer gives a glowing de- scription (Afitf. Claet. Antiq. vol. iL p. 270), and which must, thoefore, have existed at an earlier date than that recorded by the inscription as given by Mr. Pashley (Trav. vol L p. 21 1.) [£. B. J.] DICTE. [ScKPSis.] DI'CTIS^ in Britain, mentioned in the Notitia as the statiiMi of the Prae/^etug Nvmeri Nerviormn Dictentium. Generally, though perhaps on insuffi- cient grounds, identified with Ambktide in IKetf- moreUmd. [R- G. L.] DICTYNNAEUM. [Cadictus 1
