itESPElUA. ±xi. 26; Deut, ii. 9; Joth, iii. 10.) It belonged to the tribe of Reaben (^Number By xxxil 37; JoiL xiii. 1 7); but, as it was on the confines of Qad, is some- times assigned to the latter tribe (J(t»h, xx, 39; 1 Ckron. Ti. 81). When the ten tribes were carried off, Hesbon fell into the hands of the Moabites, and 18 mentioned bj the prophets in their denunciations against that people. (/«. xv. 4; Jer. zlviii. 2, 34, 45.) Under king Alexander Jannaeus it was again reck- ooed as a Jewish city. (Joseph. AnL xiii. 15. § 4.) Ptolemy (▼■17) mentions it under the name Esbuta ('Etrtfotfra), and the " Ambes Esbonitae" of Pliny (v. 12) most be referred to this place. Eusebios and Jerome ((Moot.) speak of it as a place of some consequence in their day, under the name of Esbos ('Etf tfo^s), at a distance of 20 M. P. from the rirer Jordan. There is a coin of the emperor Nero, with the epigraph HEEBA, the type a female figure with a crown and palm. (Mionnet, Stq)pl^mentf toI. ▼iii. p. 387.) But the best known are the coins of Cancalla, with the type a temple of Astarte, or a ^ Deus Lnnus " with a Phrygian cap, and the epi- graph ECBOT. (Eckhel, toL iii. p. 503; Mionnet, vol. ▼. p. 585.) It occurs in the list of the Eparchies of Arabia under the name of "Ea^ovs. (BeUnd, NoUL Vet, EcoUm, p. 218 but is not mentioned by Hie- rocks, though a itixis *Eff€odirrmr occurs in the Acts of the Council of Ghalcedon. Under the name of Chotban it became the metropolis of EUBdha, (Abti-l-fedi, Tab, Syr, p. 11.) The r^on of the Wadg Hetban was first visited in modem times by Leetzen (Zach's MonatL Corr. xviii. p. 431), then by Bnrkhardt (Trav. p. 365), and afterwards by Iiby and Mangles {Trav. p. 471). These latter writers speak of the ** ruins as uninter- esting, and the only pool they saw too insignificant" for the *' fish-ponds" fitmous in Hebrew poetry. (^CatU, riL 4.) Near the tent village of Biitban are the ruins of ancient Hesbon, where there are some wells excavated in the rock, a ruined castle, and a huge dstem, which only requires to be cleared of the rubbish to be still available. (Chesney, Erped. EuphraL vol. i. pi 516.) (Behmd, Palettmay vol ii. p. 720; Bosenmfiller, Hamdbuch derBibL AlL vol ii. pt i. p. 266; Von Ranmer, Palestma, p. 253; Winer, BSbiuehea ReaL- HIERAPOLIS. 1063' wdrterbucky $. v.; Bitter, Erdhmde, vol. xv. 14, 143) iS74, &&) HESPE'RIA. [ITAUA.] [E 1. XV. pp. I. B. J.J HESPE'RIDES or HE'SPERIS CE<rvfp(8ffr, 'Etr- fis), afterwards BERENFCE (BcpfWiciy: Bm Gktai, Bn.)| the westernmost city of the Cyrenaic Pentapolis, stood just outside the £. extremity of the Great Syrtis, on a promontory called Pseudopenias, and near the river Lathon. It seems to have derived its name from the fancy which found the fabled Gardens of the Heeperides in the fertile terraces of Cyrenaica ; and Scylax distinctly mentions the gardens and the lake of the Hesperides in this neighbourhood, where we also find a people called Hesperidae, or, as Herodotus names them, Euesperidae. Its historical importance dates from the reign of the Ptolemies and it was then named Berenice after the wife of Ptolemy III. Euergete?. It had a large population of Jews. (Strab. xvii. p. 836; Mela, i. 8; Plin. v. 5; Solin. 27, 54; Ammian. Marc, xxiu 16; Stejii, B.
- . V, *E<rrcptY; Hierocles, pb 733, where the name is
B«/wr(in}; Stadiatm, p. 446, Bcprurlf ; Itin, Ani. "p, 67, Beronice; Tab.PeuL, Bemidde; Ptol. iv. 4. § 4, viii. 15. § 3.) Having been greatly reduced by that decline of oomroercial importance and those ravages of the barbarians which were so severely felt by all the cities of the Pentapolis [Cybbmaica], it was fbrtified anew by Justinian, who also adorned it with baths. (Prooop. de Aedif, vi 12.) Its name is some- times as an epithet foir Cyrenaica, in the form of the adjective Bermicis. (Sil. Ital. UL 249 ; LucSii), ix. 524 : Beechey, Delia Cella, Pacho, Barth.) fP-S.] HESPE'RIDUM HORTI. [Hesperides.} HESPSlllIDUM LACUS. [Hespkiude&J HE'SPERIS. [Hespe&idbs.] HESPE'RIUM PROMONTOKIUM. [Libya.] HESSUS {*Hir<r6s: J?tA.*H(r(rios), a town of the Locri Ozohie, upon the coast of the Corinthian gulf, and on the road to Naupaotus. ItB exact site is uncertain, but it is probably represented by the Hel* lenic^remains at Vitkari or Polffpdrtu, (Tliuc iii. 101 ;~Steph. B. a. v. ; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. U. p. 620.) HETRICULUM. [Bruttii.] HETRU'RIA. [Etruria.] HEXI. [Saxbtahum.] HIBE'RNL/L [Ibrme.] HICE'SIA. [Aeoliab Insular.] Hl'ERA ('Icpd), the name of several islands. 1. One of the Aegate«. [Aboates, No. 1.] 2. One of the Aeolian or Liparaean islands. [Aboliab Iksulab.] 3. An island close to Calanreia, to which it is now united. [Calaureia.] 4. A small island between Thera and Therasia PThbra.! HIERA SYCAMINUS ('Icp^ Svic^/uiyof, Ptol. iv. 5. § 74; Suicd^iiwf, PhikistraL ViL AptlL vL 2; Plin. vi. 29. s. 32; /t Anton, p. 162), the south- em frontier town of the Regie Dodecaschoenus. [Aethiopia.] The isUmd Tachompso had been the original boundary; but the Romans extended it southinud to Hierasycaminos. Here Apollonius of Tyana (Philostrat. 2. c) found one of those African markets in which wares, — gold, linen, ivoiy, and gums, — are exposed for sale, while the buyers and sellen kept apart from each other until each party had deposited a satisfactory equivalent. Hiera Syeaminos is now probably represented by Wady Maharrahah, where the ruins of a temple are still visible. The distance between Syene, the N. bound- ary of this district, and Wady Maharrokak (720 Btades H 12 schoeni « 90 miles), fiivouiv thb sup* position. Lat 22^ N. [W. B. D.] HIERA'CON (JU Anion, p. 167) or THERA- CON {Not Imp,)y was a castle of Upper Egypt, si- tuated on the right bank of the Nile. Here, in Roman times, was quartered the oohors prima of the Lusita- nian auxiliaries. It stood nearly midway between the W. extremity of Mons Alabastrites and the dty of Lycopolis, lar. 27^15' N. Hieracon {^UpdjKW lei^rt, PtoL vi. 7. § 36) is to be distinguished from Hiera- compolis {'Updxutf s-<{Xir, Strab. xvii. p. 817), which was S. of Thebes, htt 25^ 5' N., nearly opposite the town of Eileithnia. [W. B. D.] HIERA'POLIS (;Updiwoisi Eth, 'UfforoXi-nis). 1. A considerable town in Phrygia, situated upon a height between the rivers Lycus and Maeander, about five miles north of Laodiceia, and on the road from Apameia to Sardis. It was probably founded by the Greeks, though we have no record of the time or circumstances of its foundation. It was celebrated for its warm springs and its Plutonium, to which two circumstances it appears to have owed its sanctity. The warm springs formed stalactites and incHLstatioiis. (Strab. xiii. p. 629 ; Vitniv. viii. 3.) 3 y4
