HttPOmUM. Its temloi7 to tin Locriina. (Dlod. xir. 107'; Uionp. lii. Ft. p. 235B, lidske.) Bat 10 j«Bra ■fterwirti (b. c, 379) tho city w« rmlored 1^ tfa< CinhaginiuB, )ind tiie exiled inhKbituls n-aAm- bllahed tben. (Id. it. 34.) It did not long, hcnr- aT«r, CDntinne lo cnjo; ita independence, luTJnK fidkn into tbe hindg of Ifae Bmttiiiu, appannllj Mon allar B, a. 396, th« d*le giien for the fint riM of th« BnttiMi pn^B. (Diod. ivi. Ifi ; Slnb. ri. PL ass.) It «u wnslid from tbc lUlei nition Ibr a time bj Agmthocle*, in B. c. 29*, who appun to iam n^uiti tbe plic« u > Btiaiehuld of impor- tanca, and constniclad a pan or navid ttatioD (M- Mwv) thtni but iftei tb« deputiin of Agalhoclu himself the garri»n ha had liJt at HipponiDm ma put M Ifaa eword, and the dtj Rcanird b; tha DrattuD). (Diod. ui. B. Eic. H. p. 491 i SUab. t c.) It now continued in tlieir baoda DDlil it lell with the nat of the BtiUlian peniiuala under the yoke of Rome ; but no mention of it is again found, except that the " Ylhaoensis ager " was in B.C. 218 raiaged by a Carthaginian Beet (Lir.iii. 51), until after the cloea of the Second Funic War i and it ii nmarkablethat tha name is not eien one* mentioned during the kKig-protracted opentiona of Hannibal in the Bmttian territory. Bat ebortly after the cloaa of tbawar(ift B.C. 192)* Roman eolonj was eitablisbed there, cmsi^tiiig of not leas than 4000 sottlera, in- dndine 300 knights (LIT. ixiv. 40 ; Ve)l. Pat i. 1 4), which waa Ibenccforth known bj the name of Vibo Valentia. Strabo lelli oe that the name ofUip- poninm was at this lime changed into Vibo Valenlia, or,as he wrilei it, Vibona Valtniia (0»>«wb OAoAir- Tla,St™b.TLp.2S6); hot this is not quite correct : the new cokmy, as we l«rn Fnsn ita c^ns, haring asenmed the name of Valentia only i while that ^ Vibo (which ie evidently aaj the Bmttian or Oecan fcnn of Hippo, and was very probably the original name of the titj before it became a Greek colmy at ■II) was retained with it in common nuge, or was still emplived wilhont the additim of Valentia. Thns, Cicero twice niea the name of Vibo aloae to dadgnat* the town, but in anirther panage calls the inhabitants "ValentJnl" (Citm >'«tT.ii.40, v.l6, ad Alt. in. 6.) The Roman tolony eewna lo have rapidiy risen bto importance, and became one li the moet con- aiderable (owns in this put of lUly. Its pott, oon- slnicted by Agalbodes, aarved to export the limber from the Ccmta of Sila ; and, fai the wma reason, citensiTe dockyards for ship-building were eelablished thei«. Cicero terms it a nuble and illnstrious muni- dpal town(Bi rerr.T. 16), and Ap[«an enumerates it among "the mat flourishing cities of Italy" of which the pasaeiaion was promised by the Triumviis to their soldiera. (A C. it. 3). During the CirU Wan, indeed, it plaj* no inconsiderable part in bia- Vxj. In the war between Caeear and Pompey, l"- fimner made Fibo the elation of a part of hie fli wliicb was attacked ibeie by Casains (Caes. B. C. 101)) and in (he war of OcIaTian againat Sex Pompey, it became the htad quartera and chief iMTal station of Ibe Triumvir (Apjun, B. C. t. 9 99, 103, &cX In "^ tn seoiiro iti attachment that period, Octorian had been compelled to e^em. Vibo from the Ihieatened distribution of ita lands among the soldiery. (Id. B.C.iT.B6.) ItisDol ' whether it aubeequentlj nceired a eolonj, tt "ager ViTonenait" is mentioned in the Uber Colo- niarum (p. SOS), but in a manner which leai doubtful whetlivr it waa coluFJxd or not. But 107 1 _ _intio(is,thatitoanlintlod under tha Romali cm[dn to M a floutiahing manidpnl town : 'ts name ia mentioDed by all tha geographeni, and is ibll found m the Itineraria of the fourth century. (Plin. iii. S. a. 10 ; Plol. iiL 1. § 74 ; Uel. ii. i ; IlHL Ant. p. Ill; 7*06. Peul.; Orell. Inter. 3703; Momnuen, /lucr. AAT. 16, IB, Ac.) It waa situ- ated co the prind[al high md, leading down throngll Bmtlinm to the Sicilian Strait, and ia already noticed, under the name of Valentia only, in Ihe inscription of the Via Popillia : according to that document, it ras distant 57 M. P. fram Conaentia, and 91 froni the Straits. (Mommaen, L c 6STS.) Ita paitioD aL toncb at for p( penona precseding by K Sidly : thnh, we find Cicero, in d. c. * , , from Velia lo Vibo by tea, and Ibenn to Rhegiiun. (Cic M Verr. ii. 40. ad Att. zri. 6.) The plaina near Vibo were celebrated for Ihe ti- riety and beauty of the Sowers with which they were coreied : hence the Greek cotcoieta of Hipponinm maintained it to be the place from whence ProaerjHUe waa carried off (Strab. n; p. SS6) ; and it wonhl ■eem that that gcddeas had a celebrated temple here, as well as at the parent city of Locri. The ruins of this temple are said to hare existed till the Utb century, wiien the colnmns were carried off by Hoger, Count of Sicily, to adorn Iha cathedral at ifilela. The historian Duria also mentioned that nOLT the city was a grove, wateied with fountains, and of anrpaasing beauty, in which was a place (ailed "the horn of Amallhea," which had been sdomed and arranged by Gelon of Syratnue. (Duris, ap. AliM. xii. p. 943.) Conalderable renuina of the andent port of Hip- poninm are risible at a place still called Biama, on the ibore about Smiles from Monte Leont: they are of a Tery massiTe style of eonstmctico, which hsB been erroneously termed Cyclopean, but aro probably of Greek rather than Roman dale. The dCj of Hipponinm itself, aa well aa the Roman ca> lony of Vibo Valentia, probably occufaed the same ails wilh Ihe modem dty (^ Monl« Lami, m an eletation of moderate height, commanding an ex- tensire view oTer tha eea and adjacent plain. No ruins, however, remain on tliis tpot, and the modem town dates cnily from the 1-Sth c ' ... it the n nails w i. pp. 91 — 96; Banina, de St. CabJrr. iL 13 ) Giuatiniani, Dit. Gtogr. vol. ri. pp. 86 — EH) j v.. Craven, TravtU, p. 321.)/.,..,.. -, ( V* Vi'^^.V .■,, ;,..■' The poet Arcliestratua, died by Alhenneu^ (vii. ' p. 302). praises the tncny-flah of Hipponinm as snrpiBsing all others in excellence; an euloginm which they are nid by Dative writers atill to merit. [E. H. B.]
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