rose to be Secretary to the Board of Revenue : Revenue Secretary to Government, 1850 : Chief Secretary. 1855 Member of Council, Madras, 1862–7 K.C.S.I., 1866 : died Jan. 29, 1892.
PYNE, SIR THOMAS SALTER (1860–)
Born 1860 : son of John Pyne : educated privately : in the service of a mercantile firm in India, 1883–5 : from 1885 was for some years Chief Engineer to the Amir of Afghanistan : Ambassador for the Amir to the Viceroy of India in 1893 : K.B., 1894 : C.S.L, 1894.
QUINTON, JAMES WALLACE (1834–1891)
I.C.S. : born 1834 : educated at Trinity College, Dublin : after open competition, joined the Civil Service in the N.W.P. in 1856 : acted as Judicial Commissioner in Burma, 1875–7 : Commissioner of a Division in the N.W.P. and Oudh : Additional Member of the Governor General's Legislative Council, 1883–4, and again : Member of the Board of Revenue, N.W.P., 1885, and of the Public Service Commissioner, 1886 : C.S.L, 1887 : Chief Commissioner of Assam, Oct. 1889 : sent to Maniptir in March, 1891, to put down rebellion and restore order : the Manipuris attacked the British Residency, and, when Quinton visited the fort to negotiate with them, he and his escort were seized treacherously and all put to death, March 24, 1891.
RAFFLES, SIR THOMAS STAMFORD (1781–1826)
Son of Captain Benjamin Raffles : born July 5, 1781 : educated at Hammersmith : appointed at 14 a clerk in the India House : sent to Pulo Penang in 1805 as Assistant Secretary in the E. I. Co.'s service : Secretary, 1807 : on his suggestion, Lord Minto embarked on the Java expedition, 1811 : at its close he was made Lieutenant-Governor of Java : reformed the adminis- tration with energy : appointed also Resident at Bencoolen in Sumatra, 1813 : charges made against him by Gillespie (q.v.) held to be groundless : Raffles recalled in 1815 and Java restored to the Dutch : he wrote the History of Java, 1817 : knighted, 1817 : Governor of Bencoolen, 1818 : proposed the occupation of Singapore, which was permitted, 1819 : he greatly developed it, and founded a College there : went home in 1824, but lost, his ship taking fire, all his valuable scientific collections, the result of his industry in zoology, philology, natural history, anthropology, etc. : was the founder of the Zoological Society of London, in 1825–6, and its first President : was F.R.S. : LL.D : and belonged to learned Societies : died July 5, 1826 : his statue is in Westminster Abbey.
RAGOZIN, ZENAIDE ALEXEIEVENA ( ? - )
Born in Russia : traveller : naturalized in United States, 1894 : author of Story of Chaldea, Story of Assyria, Story of Media, Babylon and Persia; Story of Vedic India, History of the World, etc., etc. : translator of The Empire of the Czars and the Russians.
RAI, PRATAP CHANDRA ( ? –1895)
Rose from the humble rank of a compositor to reputation as a scholar : was a bookseller : translated the Mahabharata from Sanskrit into Bengali, and later into English : the work was printed at the cost of Government : he was made C.I.E. : died Jan. 11, 1895.
RAI, RAJA SHITAB ( ? –1773)
Born at Delhi : a Kayastha : early served the Emperor Muhammad Shah : defender of Patna, when the town was attacked by the Shahzada in 1760 : also gallantly assisted Captain Knox in the subsequent fighting : was appointed Naib Diwan of Bihar, about 1763 : under charges of embezzlement and oppression, he was suspended by Warren Hastings in April, 1772, and detained in Calcutta under inquiry and trial before Hastings in 1773 : in July, 1773, he was acquitted and restored to his office at Patna as Roy-royan and Naib Nazim : he died there in Sep. 1773 : his son Kalian Singh succeeded and was made a Maharaja.
RAIKES, CHARLES (1812–1886)
I.C.S. : born 1812 : son of Job Matthew Raikes : educated at Haileybury, 1829–30 : went out to the N.W.P., 1831 : was Commissioner of Lahore : Judge of the Sadr Court at Agra : in the mutiny was in the fort at Agra : was a volunteer and saw active service as Civil Commissioner : C.S.L, 1866 : died Feb. 16, 1885 : wrote Notes on the N.W.P. of India, 1858;
