to the famine, and a modest description of Atthill's early struggles. Atthill contributed much to professional journals.
[Atthill's Recollections, supra; Medical Press and Circular, 21 Sept. 1910; Burke's Landed Gentry; Todd's Dublin Graduates; MS. Entrance Book, Trin. Coll., Dublin; Proc. Dublin Obstetrical Soc.; Trans. Royal Acad. of Medicine in Ireland; private sources.]
AUMONIER, JAMES (1832–1911), landscape painter, born in Camberwell on 9 April 1832, was son of Henry Collingwood Aumonier, a jeweller, by his wife, Nancy Frances, daughter of George Stacy. The family was of French descent. A younger brother did excellent work as an engraver, and a nephew, Stacy Aumonier, became a landscape painter and decorative designer. James's childhood was spent at Highgate and High Barnet, and at fourteen he was placed in a business which was little to his taste. For some time he attended the evening classes, first at the Birkbeck Institution, then known as the Mechanics' Institute, and subsequently at South Kensington, where he worked with such application that he soon found employment as a designer of calicoes in a London firm.
Meanwhile he used all his spare time to practise landscape painting out of doors, working in the early morning hours in the cloisters of Westminster and in Kensington Gardens, and later in Epping Forest. He exhibited for the first time at the Royal Academy in 1871, but continued his work in the factory until after 1873, when Sir Newton Mappin purchased a picture shown by Aumonier at the Royal Academy, 'An English Cottage; Home.' The title is typical of the class of subject that appealed most forcibly to Aumonier. He devoted himself almost exclusively to the painting of the peaceful English countryside, and showed a special preference for the ward golden tints of autumn and of the late afternoon. A true lover of nature, he took her facts as he found (lion, without imposing upon her his own ideas of pictorial fitness. Aumonier never left England until 1891, when he visited Venice and the Venetian Alps, but he always preferred to find his subjects in his own country.
He became associate of the Royal Institute of Painters in Water-colours in 1876, and was one of the original members of the Institute of Oil Painters. In 1889 he was awarded a gold medal for water-colour in Paris, and a bronze medal for oil painting at Adelaide. He also received a silver medal at the Brussels exhibition in 1897. An exhibition of his water-colour drawings was held at the Leicester Galleries in 1908, and another of his work in oils as well at the Goupil Gallery in March 1912. Among his best pictures are 'When the Tide is Out,' 'The Silver Lining of the Cloud' (both in the Royal Academy of 1895), 'In the Fen Country,' 'The Old Sussex Farmstead,' 'Sunday Evening,' and, above all, 'Sheep Washing,' now in the Chantrey bequest collection at the Tate Gallery, which also owns his 'Black Mountains.' He is represented, too, in the municipal galleries of Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, Liverpool, Sheffield, Oldham, Adelaide, and Perth (Western Australia).
Aumonier died in London on 4 Oct. 1911, and his remains were cremated at Woking. He married in 1863 Amelia Wright, and had two sons and two daughters. A sketch portrait in oils by James Charles [q. v. Suppl. II] was executed in 1900.
[Studio, vol. xx. 1900; Morning Post, Oct. 1911; private information.]
AUSTEN, Sir WILLIAM CHANDLER ROBERTS- (1843–1902), metallurgist. [See Roberts-Austen.]
AUSTEN LEIGH, AUGUSTUS (1840–1905), thirty-second provost of King's College, Cambridge, born at Scarlets, Berkshire, on 17 July 1840, was sixth son of J. Edward Austen (after 1836 Austen Leigh, who died vicar of Bray (Berks) in 1874) and of Emma (d. 1876), daughter of Charles Smith, M.P., of Suttons in Essex. Austen Leigh entered Eton as a colleger in 1852; in 1858-9 he played cricket for the school. In 1859 he entered King's College, Cambridge, as a scholar on the foundation, gained a Browne medal for Latin ode, and a members' prize for Latin essay in 1862, graduated as fourth classic in 1863, and proceeded M.A. in 1866. He became fellow of his college in 1862, was ordained deacon by the bishop of Lincoln (visitor of the college) in 1865, and from 1865 to 1867 was curate of Henley-on-Thames. He never proceeded to priest's orders. In 1867 he returned to King's College, where he passed the rest of his life, taking an active part in teaching and administrative work. From 1868 to 1881 he was tutor, dean in 1871-3 and again in 1882-5, and from 1877 to 1889 vice-provost. On the death of Richard Okes [q. v.] he was elected provost (9 Feb. 1889). In 1876-80 and again in 1886-90 he was a member of the council of the senate, and in 1893-5 he served the office of vice-chancellor.
