the river Hugli below Calcutta, and of Madras harbour. He reported for the Foreign Office in 1867 on the navigation of the Scheldt, and in the same year his plans for the improvement of the port of Odessa won a prize offered by the Tsar Alexander II. His advice was also sought by the British and other governments on the improvement of the Don and the Dnieper, on the enlargement of the port of Trieste, and on the harbours of Constanza, Varna, and Burgas on the Black Sea. In 1875 Hartley was a member of the board appointed by the president of the United States to report on the best means of opening to navigation the south pass of the Mississippi. In 1884 he was nominated by the British government a member of the International Technical Commission of the Suez Canal, on which he served for twenty-two years.
Hartley's published works were confined to papers contributed to the Institution of Civil Engineers. Two important papers on his work in the Danube delta appeared in the minutes of Proceedings (xxi, 277–308, 1862; xxxvi, 201–53, 1873). In 1874 he contributed Notes on Public Works in the United States and in Canada (ibid., xl, 163–230) and in 1900 A Short History of the Engineering Works of the Suez Canal (ibid., cxli, 157–212). An exceedingly interesting survey of Inland Navigations in Europe by Hartley was published by the Institution in 1885 in a volume of lectures on The Theory and Practice of Hydro-Mechanics delivered by members of the Institution.
Hartley was created K.C.M.G. in 1884, and he received, among other decorations, the grand cross of the crown of Roumania, the second order of the star of Roumania, and the fourth order of the Medjidie. He became an associate of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1856 and a member in 1862. He died, unmarried, in London 20 February 1915, and was buried in Highgate cemetery.
[The Times, 22 February 1915; Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, volumes cited above, and vol. cc (part ii), 1–3, 1914–1915; Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th edition, s.v. Danube.]
HAVERFIELD, FRANCIS JOHN (1860–1919), Roman historian and archæologist, the only son of the Rev. William Robert Haverfield, by his wife, Emily, sister of John Fielder Mackarness, bishop of Oxford [q.v.], was born at Shipston-on-Stour 8 November 1860. There was a foreign strain in his blood; he was a great-grandson of the miniature-painter, Jeremiah Meyer [q.v.], an immigrant from Würtemberg. His mother died when he was still in early childhood, and soon afterwards his father fell into a hopeless and prolonged decline. Growing up without experience of a normal home-life, the boy was seriously handicapped. He developed a certain abruptness of manner, which he never entirely shook off and which permanently hampered the free play of his sympathetic nature. Superimposed upon a character of marked strength and individuality, it too often prevented him, in after life, from being recognized for what he really was—one of the simplest and kindest of men, one of the most unselfish and steadfast of friends.
From a preparatory school at Clifton he entered Winchester as senior scholar in 1873. Six years later he went up to New College, Oxford, once more as scholar. He obtained a first-class in moderations with no great difficulty. A second class in ‘greats’ was the penalty of paying less attention to Greek philosophy than to Latin lexicography. In 1884, a year after taking his degree, he went as sixth-form master to Lancing College, where his somewhat unconventional methods proved highly successful. In his strenuous leisure he pursued various lines of original research, but finally concentrated on Roman epigraphy and Roman Britain, mainly under the influence of Mommsen, for whose work he had a profound admiration and whose personal acquaintance he had made during one of his frequent visits to the Continent. In 1892 he was invited to return to Oxford, and for the next fifteen years he resided at Christ Church as a senior student. Here his unresting energy and his more than generous hospitality soon made him a prominent figure. His pen was never idle; practically every important classical book that appeared was reviewed by him in the Guardian or elsewhere, and he edited Henry Nettleship's Essays and re-edited Conington's Eclogues and Georgics (1895). Amid his multifarious interests, Roman Britain became more and more his chief concern. In vacation he moved up and down the country, visiting Roman sites, stimulating or directing excavations, guiding and advising local antiquaries. In 1907 Henry Pelham Francis [q.v.] died, and Haverfield was chosen to succeed him as Camden professor of ancient history, the appointment carrying with it an official fellowship at Brasenose College. A month before his election he had married Miss Winifred Breakwell. They had no children. Henceforward he lived in a house which he built
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