sanitation upon the health of individuals, communities, and nations. He also did his best to improve the sanitary conditions of Oxford and of Marsh Gibbon, a village in which he was interested as a trustee.
Acland's services to medicine and medical education were accorded high honours. In 1883 he was made a companion of the Bath, being promoted K.C.B. in 1884, and in 1890 he was created a baronet. Among many other honorary distinctions Acland was both M.D. and LL.D. of Dublin, D.C.L. of Durham, a member of the medical and philosophical societies of Philadelphia, Christiania, Athens, New York, and Massachusetts, He was also a knight of the rose of Brazil, an order conferred upon him in recognition of his services in the investigation of cholera in 1856.
Acland died at his house in Broad Street on 16 Oct. 1900, and was buried in Holywell cemetery at Oxford on the 19th.
He married, on 14 July 1846, Sarah, the eldest daughter of William Cotton (1786-1866) [q. v.], by whom he had seven sons and one daughter. His eldest son, William Alison Dyke Acland, captain R.N., succeeded to the baronetcy. Mrs. Acland died on 25 Oct. 1878, and the Sarah Acland nursing home at Oxford was founded and endowed in her memory.
A half-length portrait in oils of Sir Henry Acland, painted by Mr. W. W. Ouless, R.A., was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1886; it is now in the possession of his son, Dr. Theodore Dyke Acland.
Acland published:
- 'The Plains of Troy. Hlustrated by a Panoramic Drawing taken on the spot, and a Map constructed after the latest Survey,' Oxford, 1839, 8vo and fol.
- 'Letter from a Student on some Moral Difficulties in his Studies,' London, 1841, 8vo.
- 'Feigned Insanity: how most usually simulated and how best detected,' London, 1844, 8vo.
- 'Remarks on the Extension of Education at the University of Oxford,' Oxford, 1848, 8vo.
- 'Synopsis of the Physiological Series in the Christ Church Museum, arranged for the use of Students after the plan of the Hunterian Collection,' Oxford, 1854, 4to; an interesting work, as it shows the influence exercised by his London and Edinburgh teachers modified by his Oxford surroundings.
- 'Memoir of the Cholera at Oxford in the year 1854, with considerations suggested by the Epidemic. Maps and Plans,' London, 1856, 4to.
- 'Notes on Drainage, with especial reference to the Sewers and Swamps of the Upper Thames,' London, 1857, 8vo.
- 'The Oxford Museum,' Oxford, 1859, 8vo; 2nd edit. 1860; 3rd edit. 1861; reprinted with additions in 1893. (The first and second editions and the reprint contain letters from Ruskin.)
- 'Biographical Sketch of Sir Benjamin Brodie,' London, 1864, 8vo.
- 'The Harveian Oration,' London, 1865, 8 vo.
- 'Medical Education: a Letter addressed to the authorities of the Johns Hopkins Hospital and the Johns Hopkins University,' Baltimore, 1879, 8vo; the letter is valuable because it shows what debt the most modern university in the United States owes to its mother in England.
- 'William Stokes: a Sketch drawn for the New Sydenham Society,' London, 1882, 8vo.
- 'Health in the Village,' London, 1884, 8vo.
- 'Village Health and Village Life,' London, 1884, 8vo.
[Personal knowledge; Sir Henry Acland's Works; Biography in 'Contemporary Medical Men and their Professional Work' (Leicester, 1888, vol. i.); obituary notices in the Times, 17 Oct. 1900, the Lancet, 1900, ii. 1158, and the British MedicalJournal, 1900, ii. 1281; Collingwood's Life of John Ruskin, 1893; information kindly given by Dr. Theodore Dyke Acland.]
ACLAND, Sir THOMAS DYKE (1809–1898), politician and educational reformer, born at Killerton, Devonshire, on 25 May 1809, was the eldest son of Sir Thomas Dyke Acland (1787–1871) [q. v.], by his wife Lydia Elizabeth, only daughter of Henry Hoare of Mitcham Grove, head partner in the well-known firm of bankers. Sir Henry Wentworth Acland [q. v. Suppl.] was his younger brother. Thomas was educated at Harrow—where in 1826 he won the Peel prize with a dissertation published in the same year as 'Oratio numismate Peeliano dignata et in Scholae Harroviensis Auditorio recitata die lun. 1 A.D. mdcccxxvi' (London, 8vo)—and at Christ Church, Oxford, whence he matriculated on 28 June 1827, and graduated B.A. with a double first in 1831, and M.A. in 1835. His tutor was Thomas Vowler Short [q.v.], and among his friends were W. E. Gladstone, Sir Francis Doyle, Lord Blachford, Lord Elgin, and Frederick Denison Maurice. From 1831 to 1839 he was fellow of All Souls', and in 1837 he was returned to parliament as conservative member for West Somerset. At the general election of 1841 he declined to identify himself with the protectionists, and though he showed leanings towards the Young England party during that parliament, he followed Peel on his conversion to free trade, and did not seek re-election to parliament in 1847.
Acland had from the first interested him-
