probably at London, without an indication of the place of publication, and the same year at Mussiponti (Pont-à-Mousson), with a preface by his son [see Barclay, John, 1582–1621]. It was directed against the claims of the pope to exercise authority in temporal matters over sovereigns, and produced so great an impression in Europe that Cardinal Bellarmine deemed it necessary to publish an elaborate treatise against it, asserting that the pope, by virtue of his spiritual supremacy, possesses a power in regard to temporal matters which all are bound to acknowledge as supreme. An English translation of the work of Barclay appeared in 1611. It is also included in the ‘Monarchia’ of Goldast, published in 1621. The treatise on the Pandects was inserted by the jurist Otto in his ‘Thesaurus Juris Romani,’ 1725–29. The ‘De Regno’ and the ‘De Potestate Papæ’ have both been frequently reprinted.
[The principal source for the facts of Barclay's life is Menage's Remarques sur la Vie de Pierre Ayrault (1675), 228–30. There are less correct notices in Ghilini's Teatro d'Huomini Letterati (1647), ii. 162; and Crasso's Elogii degli Huomini Letterati (1666), ii. 195. The later authorities are Mackenzie, Writers of the Scots Nation (1722), iii. 468–78; Biographia Britannica, ed. Kippis, i. 587–8; Irving, Lives of Scottish Writers (1829), i. 211–30; and especially M. Dubois, in Mémoires de l'Académie de Stanislas, série iv. tom. 4 (Nancy, 1872), pp. lviii–clxxvi.]
BARCLAY, WILLIAM, M.D. (1570?–1630?), miscellaneous writer, was a brother of Sir Patrick Barclay, of Towie, and was born about 1570 in Scotland. He was educated for the pursuit of medicine, but is best known by a pamphlet, printed in Edinburgh in 1614, and entitled ‘Nepenthes, or the Vertues of Tobacco.’ Barclay studied at Louvain under the learned Justus Lipsius, to whom he afterwards addressed several letters which have been printed, and who is recorded to have said of his pupil ‘that if he were dying he knew no person on earth he would leave his pen to but the doctor.’ To Justus Lipsius's edition of ‘Tacitus’ (Paris, 1599), Barclay contributed an appendix. At Louvain he appears to have taken the degrees of M.A. and M.D. He became professor of humanity in Paris University, and after a short interval, during which he practised medicine in Scotland, returned to France to pursue his former occupation at Nantes. The tract ‘Nepenthes, or the Vertues of Tobacco,’ which is dedicated to the author's nephew Patrick, son and heir of Sir Patrick Barclay, of Towie, contains a warm panegyric on the herb, which, the author says, is adapted to cure all diseases when used with discretion, and ‘not, as the English abusers do, to make a smoke-box of their skull, more fit to be carried under his arm that selleth at Paris du noir à noircir to blacke men's shoes than to carry the braine of him that cannot walk, cannot ryde, except the tobacco pype be in his mouth.’ As in prose, so also in verse, Barclay sings the praises of his favourite weed, in six little poems attached to the treatise, and addressed to friends and kinsmen, all in praise of tobacco, to which he alludes as a ‘heavenlie plant,’ ‘the hope of healthe,’ ‘the fewell of our life,’ &c. Two years after the appearance of Barclay's work, King James published his famous ‘Counterblaste to Tobacco,’ in which his majesty denounces smoking as a ‘custome loathsome to the eye, hatefull to the nose, harmefull to the brain, dangerous to the lungs, and in the blacke stinking fume thereof nearest resembling the horrible stigian smoke of the pit that is bottomlesse.’ Barclay's tract is very rare, but has been reprinted by the Spalding Society. He was also author of ‘Oratio pro Eloquentia. Ad v. cl. Ludovicum Servinum, Sacri Consistorii Regii Consiliarium, et in amplissimo Senatu Parisiensi Regis Advocatum,’ Paris, 1598; ‘Callirhoe, commonly called the well of Spa, or the Nymphe of Aberdene resuscitat,’ 1615 and 1670; ‘Apobaterium, or Last Farewell to Aberdeen’ (of which no copy is now known to exist); ‘Judicium de Certamine G. Eglisemmii [Eglisham] cum G. Buchanano pro Dignitate Paraphraseos Psalmi ciiii. … Adjecta sunt Eglisemmii ipsum judicium, ut editum fuit Londini, typis Eduardi Aldæi, an. Dom. 1619, et in gratiam studiosæ juventutis ejusdem Psalmi elegans Paraphrasis Thomæ Rhædi, Lond. 1620,’ 8vo, Lond. 1628; and some Latin poems in the ‘Delitiæ Poetarum Scotorum,’ i. 137. Barclay died about 1630.
[Spalding Society Miscellany, i.; Works of King James I, folio; Anderson's Scottish Nation; Irving's Lives of Scottish Poets; Dempster's Hist. Ecclesiast.]
BARCLAY, WILLIAM (1797–1859), miniature painter, was born in London in 1797. He practised his art both in London and in Paris, and whilst in the latter city he was much occupied in making copies from the works of the great Italian masters in the Louvre. He exhibited portraits and some copies in water-colours at the Salon between the years 1831 and 1859, as well as at the Royal Academy between 1832 and 1856. He died in 1859.
[Redgrave's Dictionary of Artists, 1878; Royal Academy Exhibition Catalogues, 1832–56; Livrets du Salon, 1831–59.]
