tiate in midwifery, and on 22 Dec. 1806 a licentiate of the college. He was physician to the Lying-in Hospital, Brownlow Street, and for some years acted as editor of the ‘Medical and Physical Journal.’ Like his son, Colonel Robert Batty [q. v.], he was long known as an amateur artist (Gent. Mag. new ser. xxxiii. pt. i. 110). He spent his last years at Fairlight Lodge, Hastings, where he died on 16 Nov. 1849 at the age of eighty-six. His portrait by Dance was engraved by Daniell.
[Gent. Mag. new ser. xxxiv. 293; Munk's Coll. of Phys. (1878), iii. 19.]
BATY, RICHARD (d. 1758), divine, was born at Arthuret, Cumberland, and was educated at Glasgow University, where he received the degree of M.A. in 1725. For seven years from that date he was curate of Kirkandrew-upon-Esk, in his native country, and in 1732 was presented by the patron, Viscount Preston, to the rectory of the parish. Baty built a parsonage for himself at his own expense, and for the use of his parishioners provided a ferry for the first time across the river Esk, which ran through the town, and across which there was no bridge. He insisted on the importance of education, and promoted the erection of a schoolhouse in the neighbourhood. His genial temper made him popular with all classes of his neighbours, and with the noblemen and gentlemen on both sides of the border; but he was held by some to be too profuse in his hospitality. He studied the eye and its diseases, and had a local fame as a skilful oculist.
Baty published at Newcastle: 1. ‘A Sermon on the Sacrament, with prayers for the use of persons in private,’ 1751. 2. ‘Seasonable Advice to a Careless World,’ 1756. 3. ‘The Young Clergyman's Companion in Visiting the Sick.’ He died in 1758.
[Hutchinson's Hist. of Cumberland, ii. 681; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.]
BAUMBURGH, THOMAS de (fl. 1332), clerk of the chancery and keeper of the great seal, is mentioned in 1328 as then holding the living of Emildon in Northumberland, to which he had been presented by the king. In 1332 he was receiver of petitions from England in the parliament, as also in 1340. Between 1 April and 23 June 1332 he was one of the keepers of the great seal, and again between 13 Jan. and 17 Feb. 1334, John de Stratford, bishop of Winchester, being chancellor on both occasions. He again held this important office between 6 and 19 July 1338, during the chancellorship of Richard de Bynteworth, bishop of London, and once more upon that chancellor's death between 8 Dec. 1339 and 16 Feb. 1340, during which period the chancellorship was vacant. After this date no more is heard of him. He held land at Baumburgh (now Bamborough) in Northumberland, whence his name.
[Rot. Parl. ii. 22, 68, 112; Abbrev. Rot. Orig. ii. 27, 75, 79; Cal. Rot. Pat. 118; Cal. Inq. P. M. ii. 53; Hardy's Cat. of Lord Chancellors and Keepers of the Great Seal, 31–33.]
BAUME, PIERRE HENRI JOSEPH (1797–1875), socialist, was born at Marseilles in 1797. When he was still young his father removed to Naples, and the boy was placed in a military college in that city. In his eighteenth year he became private secretary to King Ferdinand. He left Italy and came to England about 1825, where he was always more or less associated with the advocates of social change. In 1832 he took out letters of naturalisation. He was in succession a preacher of the doctrine of ‘reforming optimism,’ a theatrical manager, the curator and proprietor of some ‘model experimental gardens’ near Holloway, and a promoter in Manchester of public-houses without intoxicating drinks. For many years his mind was bent upon the establishment of a great educational institute upon a communistic basis. To carry out this project he denied himself not only luxuries, but almost the necessaries of life. He acquired a large estate, valued at 40,000l., at Colney Hatch, and another in Buckinghamshire, estimated to be worth 4,000l.; but so many obstacles presented themselves that he gave up his long-cherished plan. During the course of the Owenite socialist agitation his fine form, considerable knowledge, ready speech, and power of devising astonishing placards and proclamations made him a notable man. A boy whom he had adopted was publicly ‘named’ by Owen. He was believed to have amassed a fortune as a foreign spy, and his mysterious ways added to his reputation. For several years Baume resided in Manchester, where he organised Sunday lectures, but in 1857 he paid a visit to the Isle of Man, and was so pleased with the place that he took up his residence there in a house in the Archway, Douglas. Here his natural eccentricities increased. His rooms were so crowded with books, mostly of an antique and musty character, that there was no room for a bed, and he slept in a hammock swung from the roof of the room. Only those who possessed the secret of a peculiar knock were admitted. He lived for
