Valckenaer; and held a charge at Leyden. In 1752 a business journey to Holland was made by Mr. Columbine, elder of the Norwich church of Walloons, or French speaking Flemings, founded earl in the reign of Elizabeth, and holding the church of St. Mary the Less on lease from the corporation from March 1637. Columbine was directed to seek a fit successor to Valloton, late pastor of the Walloon church. On his introduction, Bruckner, who could preach in Latin, Dutch, French, and English, settled in Norwich in 1753. In addition to his duties at St. Mary the Less, he succeeded Dr. van Sam, about 1766, as pastor of the Dutch church, to whose use the choir of St. John the Baptist (the nave being used as the civic hall under the name of St. Andrew’s Hall) had been permanently secured from 1661. This charge was scarcely more than nominal, and that of the French church gradually became little else. In both cases there were small endowments. Bruckner held the joint charge till his death, and was the last regular minister of either church. He made a good income by teaching French. Mrs. Opie was among his pupils. He was a good musician an organist, and a clever draughtsman, as is attested by his portrait of his favourite dog; for he kept a horse and pointer, being fond of outdoor sports. The Norwich literary circle owed much to his culture and learning. He died by his own hand, while suffering from mental depression, on Saturday, 12 May 1804. He was buried at Guist, near Foulsham, Norfolk. He had married in 1782 Miss Cooper of Guist, a former pupil, who predeceased him. Opie painted his portrait, which was exhibited) at the Royal Academy in 1800. In Mrs. Opie’s ‘Life’ a curious story is told about the expression of the eyes in the portrait reminding a visitor of the countenance of a person who had committed suicide. One of Mrs. Opie’s ‘Lays’ is about this portrait. Bruckner wrote: 1. ‘Théorie du Système Animal,’ Leyden, 1767 (anon.; in chaps. vii. and x. there is an anticipation of Malthusian views). 2. ‘A Philosophical Survey of the Animal Creation; an Essay wherein the general devastation and carnage that reign among different classes of animals are considered in a new point of view, and the vast increase of life and enjoyment derived to the whole from this necessity is clearly demonstrated,’ Lond. 1768 (anon.; a translation of the foregoing). 3. ‘Criticisms on the Diversions of Purley. By John Cassander,’ 1790, 8vo (the name Cassander was suggested by his birthplace, and, according to Parr, recommended itself to him as a ‘peacemaker between the grammatical disputants;’ George Cassander (1515–1566) being a catholic divine who laboured for union between catholics and protestants. Horne Tooke replied in his edition of 1798). 4. ‘Thoughts on Public Worship,’ 1792, 8vo (in reply to Gilbert Wakefield’s ‘Enquiry into the Expediency and Propriety of Public or Social Worship,’ 1791. n his preface Bruckner promises a continuation). He began a didactic poem in French verse, intended to popularise the views of his ‘Théorie.’ Four pathetic lines on his own wrinkled and ‘lugubre’ countenance are given in Mrs. Opic’s ‘Life.’
[Norfolk Tour, 1829, ii. 1074 (based on article by W. Taylor in the Monthly Mag.); Van der Aa’s Biographisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden (errs respecting the date of death); Brightwell’s Life of Amelia Opie, 1854, P. 29 seq.; Biblioth. Parriana, 1827, p. 268.]
BRUDENELL, JAMES THOMAS, seventh Earl of Cardigan (1797–1868), general, the only son of Robert, sixth earl of Cardigan, was born at Hambledon in Hampshire on 16 Oct. 1797. From his childhood he was spoilt; for he, as well as his seven sisters, possessed the proverbial good looks of the Brudenell family. He spent two years at Christ Church, Oxford, and when he came of age, in 1818, was returned to parliament by his father’s cousin, the first marquis of Ailesbury, as M.P. for Marlborough. He entered the army, and purchased a cornetcy in the 8th hussars in May 1824, when he was twenty-seven years of age. He made up for his delay by lavish expenditure in purchasing his grades, and became lieutenant in January 1825, captain in June 1826, major in August 1830, lieutenant-colonel in December 1830, and lieutenant-colonel of the 15th hussars in 1832. In 1829 he resigned his seat for Marlborough on account of a difference with the Marquis of Ailesbury on the subject of catholic emancipation, and at once purchased a seat for Fowey. In 1832 he fought a most expensive election for North Northamptonshire, and was returned with Lord Milton for his colleague. Lord Brudenell found himself soon hemmed in by troubles among his officers. They had a natural feeling against the lord who had bought himself into his command, and his unconciliating temper caused perpetual quarrels. At last, in 1833, he illegally ordered one of his officers, Captain Wathen, into custody at Cork. Wathen so thoroughly justified himself before a court-martial that Brudenell had a hint to resign the command of the 15th hussars. His father, however, who was an old friend of William IV, obtained for him the command of the 11th hussars, which he assumed in
