[q. v.], and the brother of Cecil Calvert, second lord Baltimore, who received a charter for the colony from Charles I on 20 June 1632. At the request of his brother, Leonard Calvert set sail with the expedition from Cowes on 22 Nov. 1633 in the two ships the Ark of Avalon and the Dove. The emigrants consisted of two hundred persons of good families and of the Roman catholic persuasion; but although the colony was designed to be a refuge for English catholics, religious toleration was from the beginning proclaimed for all christians. The name Maryland was bestowed on the colony by Charles I in honour of his queen, Henrietta Maria. They arrived at Port Comfort, Virginia, on 27 Feb. 1634, and on 27 March took possession of an abandoned Indian village, which they named St. Mary's. Soon after his arrival Calvert had an interview with Captain Clayborne, who had established a trading station on Kent Island, Chesapeake Bay, and intimated to him that the settlement would be considered part of the Maryland colony. He also met an Englishman, Captain Henry Fleet, who had spent several years among the Indians, and through whose influence the chief was induced to go on board the governor's vessel, and to forego all objections to the settlement of the colony. For the first ten years of the existence of the colony there is an hiatus in the information, the records having been seized in 1646 by one of Clayborne's men and carried to England. Clayborne in 1635 resorted to force, but was defeated and fled to Virginia. For some years Calvert was in England, but returned to Maryland in August or September 1644 with a new commission from the lord proprietary. Meanwhile Clayborne had possessed himself of Kent Island, and Richard Ingle, who held a commission from the parliament, drove Calvert to Virginia; but in 1646 Calvert returned and routed the rebels. He then proceeded to reduce Kent Island, and after its submission, 16 April 1647, pardon was granted to all offenders. He died on 9 June in the same year. It is not know whether he was married or had any children.
[A narrative of the voyage of the colonists was written in Latin by Frank White, one of the jesuit missionarie who accompanied the colony. Of this pamphlet, a translation was published in Force's Tracts, and the Latin version, with a new translation and notes by the Rev. Dr. Dalrymple, in the Proceedings of the Maryland Historical Society. There is also a contemporary account of its settlement in A Relation of Maryland, together with a Map of the Country, the condition of Plantation, and his Majesty's charter to the Lord Baltimore, translated into English, London, 8 Sept. 1635. For lives of Calvert see Belknap's American Biography, ii. 372–80; Sparks's American Biography, xix. 1–229; Morris's Lords Baltimore (1874), pp. 36–41.]
CALVERT, MICHAEL (1770–1862), author of a history of Knaresborough, was born in that town and baptised at the parish church on 2 Feb. 1770. His parents' names were Richard and Barbara. He was by calling a chemist. In 1808 and 1809 he filled the office of churchwarden, and in the latter year repaired the chancel of the church. Among other public objects in which he took an interest was the Knaresborough Spa, a mild sulphur spring on the road to Harrogate, and by his exertions the house and spa-baths and fountain were erected. He wrote an account of the history and mineral qualities and virtues of the waters. His ‘History of Knaresborough, comprising an accurate and detailed account of the castle, the forest, and the several townships included in the said parish,’ was published in 1844 in duodecimo. He died on 3 Dec. 1862, at the age of 92, in the town where he had spent all his life.
[Boyne's Yorkshire Library, 1869, p. 142; Grainge's Hist. of Harrogate, 1871, p. 261; information supplied by Mr. Charles Powell, Knaresborough.]
CALVERT, THOMAS (1606–1679), divine, a native of York, was educated at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. He became chaplain of Sir Thomas Burdet in Derbyshire, and was afterwards vicar of Trinity Church in the King's Court at York. During the Commonwealth he held one of the four preacherships endowed by the crown at the minster, besides the living of Allhallows, York. He was ejected from his living in 1662, was banished from York by the Five Mile Act, and ‘withdrew to the good Lady Berwicks, near Tadcaster.’ Later he returned to York, where he died in March 1679, aged 73. He had a son by whose extravagances he was much troubled, but found a congenial companion in his nephew James Calvert, and corresponded with the chief scholars of the time. He was well read in Hebrew. His works were: 1. ‘The Blessed Jew of Marocco, a Blackmoor made White,’ York, 1648. To this work, which is a translation (through the Latin) of the testimony of Rabbi Samuel, a converted Jew, to the truth of christianity, Calvert contributes annotations and a long diatribe on the mediæval history of the Jews and the wretchedness of their present condition. 2. ‘Heart-Salve for a wounded Soule: or Meditations of Comfort for Relief of a soul
