Sarah, second daughter of Charles, second viscount Moore of Drogheda. Having taken up arms against James II, he was attainted and his estates sequestrated 7 May 1689, but he was afterwards reinstated in them by William, who made him governor of the fort of Charlemont, and custos rotulorum of Tyrone and Armagh. In the business of the house of peers he took an active part, being in 1692 selected to prepare an address to the lord-lieutenant to recommend the stationing of men-of-war on the coasts, and in 1695 to prepare a bill against the inheritance of protestant estates by papists. He was colonel 36th foot 1701–6. In 1702 he sailed with the fleet to the West Indies. In 1705 he served under the Earl of Peterborough in the Spanish war, and distinguished himself at Barcelona. At the attack on the citadel of Monjuich he was one of the first to march into the fort at the head of his men, and received for his conduct the special thanks of the king of Spain. On 25 Aug. 1705 he was promoted brigadier-general, and on 22 April 1708 major-general. He was also chosen a privy councillor, and in May 1726 he was sworn of the privy council of George I. He died 21 July of the same year, and was buried in the vault of the family in Armagh. By his wife Anne, only daughter of Dr. James Margetson, archbishop of Armagh, he had seven sons and five daughters.
[Lodge's Irish Peerage (ed. 1789), iii. 148–150; Burke's Peerage; Political State of Great Britain, xxxii. 98; Luttrell's Narrative.]
CAULFIELD, JAMES (1764–1826), author and printseller, was born in the Vineyard, Clerkenwell, on 11 Feb. 1764. Weak eyesight prevented him following the business of his father, a music engraver, who took him when about eight years old to Cambridge for the benefit of his health. Here he afterwards came under the notice of Christopher Sharpe, the well-known print collector. Sharpe gave him a number of etchings, and five pounds to purchase more. All Caulfield's boyish savings now went in the same direction, and he became a constant bidder for cheap lots at Hutchins's sale-room in King Street, Covent Garden. This induced his father to set him up in business as a printseller, and he opened a small shop in Old Round Court, Strand, where he was visited by Dr. Johnson, R. Cosway, R.A., and other celebrities. In 1784 Caulfield assisted his father, who had been engaged by John Ashley [q. v.] to engrave a large quantity of music wanted for the Handel commemoration. The additional capital acquired by this labour enabled him to remove to larger premises in Castle Street, Leicester Square. In his ‘Enquiry into the conduct of E. Malone,’ Caulfield tells us that ‘having been a considerable collector of materials for publishing the memoirs of remarkable persons, I began [in 1788] to engage engravers to carry on that work, and in 1790 I produced the first number of “Portraits, Memoirs, and Characters of Remarkable Persons.”’ Other parts followed at irregular intervals, without order, as the engravings were ready, and in 1794–5 appeared the complete work, embracing the period from Edward III to the Revolution. Caulfield's ‘remarkable characters’ are persons famous for their eccentricity, immorality, dishonesty, and so forth. The publication of Granger's ‘Biographical History of England’ in 1769 had given a marked impetus to the taste for engraved portraits. In the advertisement Caulfield announces: ‘Of the twelve different classes of engraved portraits arranged by the late ingenious Mr. Granger, there is not one so difficult to perfect, with original prints, as that which relates to persons of the lowest description.’
About 1795 Caulfield removed to 6 Clare Court, Drury Lane, where he issued a reprint of Taylor the Water Poet's ‘Life of Old Parr,’ with some additional portraits. In 1796 he visited Oxford, and transcribed a manuscript ‘Anecdotes of Extraordinary Persons,’ mentioned by Granger, which was in the Ashmolean Museum. In 1797 appeared ‘The Oxford Cabinet,’ with engravings and anecdotes from the notes of Aubrey and others. Malone then claimed a prior right to the manuscript; Caulfield was refused any further use of it, and the work was stopped when only two numbers had been published. This drew from the publisher his ‘Enquiry into the Conduct of E. Malone,’ who is said to have bought up the whole stock of two hundred and fifty copies in one day. In 1797 Caulfield successively occupied premises in William Street, Adelphi, and 11 Old Compton Street, Soho. His next literary undertaking was to assist William Granger (not the biographical historian) to bring out ‘The New Wonderful Museum’ in rivalry with Kirby's ‘Wonderful and Scientific Museum.’ It appeared in numbers, with upwards of a hundred and fifty portraits and plates, some of them familiar in Caulfield's previous publications. The work consists of descriptions of remarkable events and objects, and lives of eccentric individuals. The sixth volume is noteworthy for its accounts of booksellers. His ‘History of the Gunpowder Plot,’ chiefly biographical notices from original sources, came out in 1804. The ‘Cromwelliana’ (1810) is usually attributed to its publisher, Machell Stace, but the book was really edited by Caulfield. It consists
