and hurt at Dartmouth being preferred to him in the command of the fleet (Clarke, Life of James II, ii. 208). Falling under the influence of Churchill, he excited discontent not only among the ships at Portsmouth, where he now joined the fleet as a volunteer (Hist. MSS. Comm. 10th Rep. pt. iv. p. 397), but also through his own regiment of guards. He signed the petition to James II for a ‘free and regular parliament.’ Yet he accompanied James on his march against William, and joined with Churchill in protesting that he would serve him with the last drop of his blood. He was suspected, however, of having joined the conspiracy, and on 24 Nov. ran away with Churchill to join William at Axminster (Clarke, Life of James II, ii. 219; Macpherson, Original Papers, i. 280–3). The success of William restored him to his regiment, at the head of which he was sent to siege Tilbury fort. He was one of the forty-nine lords who voted for a regency; but he took the oaths to William and Mary on the very first day, and carried the orb at their coronation. Disappointed of any great command, he served in his ship the Grafton at the battle of Beachy Head, 30 June 1690, and showed great gallantry in assisting distressed Dutch vessels in that unlucky action (Hist. MSS. Comm. 7th Rep. p. 482). Finally he took service as a volunteer under Churchill, now Lord Marlborough, on his expedition to the south of Ireland. On 28 Sept. Grafton went with four regiments, who ‘waded through water up to their armpits,’ to effect a landing under the walls of Cork, and storm the town through the breach. They had almost succeeded when a musket-ball from the walls broke two of his ribs, and he was conveyed dangerously wounded into the captured city. He lingered some time, but died 9 Oct. 1690 (London Gazette, September and October 1690; cf. Life of Joseph Pike, in Friends' Library, ii. 368). His body was conveyed to England and buried at Euston. The most popular and ablest of the sons of Charles II, his strong and decided character, his reckless daring, and rough but honest temperament, caused him to be widely lamented. It was generally believed that he had the prospect of a brilliant career as a sailor (Burnet, iii. 317, iv. 105; cf. An Elegy on the Death of the Duke of Grafton, a broadside, licensed 27 Oct. 1690; and the ballad on The Noble Funeral of that renowned Champion the Duke of Grafton).
He was succeeded by his only son, Charles, born on 25 Nov. 1683, who died 6 May 1757. His widow, whose sweetness and beauty were universally commended, subsequently married Sir Thomas Hanmer.
[Evelyn's Diary; London Gazette; Burnet's Hist. of his own Time; Kennett's Hist. of England, vol. iii.; Clarke's Life of James II; Doyle's Official Baronage, ii. 48–9; Charnock's Biographia Navalis, ii. 98–105; Ranke's Engl. Hist. vol. iv.; Granger's Biog. Hist. iii. 199–200; Macaulay's Hist. of Engl.; Hist. MSS. Comm. Appendices, 6th, 7th, and 9th Reps.]
FITZROY, HENRY (1807–1859), statesman, second son of George Ferdinand, second Baron Southampton, by his second wife, Frances Isabella, second daughter of Lord Robert Seymour, was born 2 May 1807 in Great Stanhope Street, Mayfair, London. He matriculated at Magdalen College, Oxford, on 27 April 1826, but afterwards left Oxford and graduated M.A. at Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1828, and was returned to parliament for Great Grimsby in 1831 as a conservative. He was elected for Lewes on 21 April 1837, and represented it till death. He spoke frequently upon practical and administrative topics, and in 1845 became a lord of the admiralty in Sir Robert Peel's government. He joined the Peelites and ultimately became a liberal. In Dec. 1852 he returned to office under Lord Aberdeen as under-secretary of the home department, and was largely instrumental in passing the Hackney Carriages (Metropolis) Act and Aggravated Assaults Act of 1853, 16 and 17 Vict. c. 30 and 33, and the County Courts Extension Act Explanation Act of 1854, having been equally active in passing the County Courts Extension Act in 1850, 17 and 18 Vict. c. 94, and 13 and 14 Vict. c. 61. Quitting this office in February 1855, he was elected chairman of committees in March, and in Lord Palmerston's administration of 1859 became chief commissioner of the board of works, without a seat in the cabinet. After a long and painful illness he died at Sussex Square, Kemptown, Brighton, 22 Dec. 1859. He married, 29 April 1839, Hannah Meyer, second daughter of Baron Nathan Meyer Rothschild, who survived him five years, and had issue Arthur Frederic, who died in 1858, and Caroline Blanche, who married Sir Coutts Lindsay, bart.
[Hansard's Parliamentary Debates; Annual Register, 1859; Foster's Alumni Oxonienses; Gent. Mag. 1859.]
'FITZROY, JAMES, otherwise Crofts, afterwards Scott, Duke of Monmouth and Buccleuch (1649-1685). [See Scott.]
FITZROY, MARY, Duchess of Richmond (d. 1557), was the only surviving daughter of Thomas Howard, third duke of Norfolk [q. v.], by his second wife, Lady Elizabeth Stafford, eldest daughter of Edward Stafford,
