younger. Till 1768 his home was in London, but his duties often took him on his travels. He had much to do with the reorganisation of Moravianism at the synod of Marienborn in July and August 1764, four years after Zinzendorf's death. In 1765 he founded the community at Cootehill, co. Cavan. His health failed in 1768, owing to a ‘dropsical asthma,’ and he retired in the autumn to Haverfordwest. There he continued his ministrations until five days before his death, which occurred on 13 Sept. 1771. He left a son and daughter. His portrait was painted by Abraham Louis Brandt, a Moravian minister; from this there is a fine mezzotint (1771) by Spilsbury, a reduced and inferior copy drawn by Hibbart (1789), and a small engraving by Topham (1816). His contemporaries were struck by his likeness ‘in person and in mien’ to Dr. Johnson (Gentleman's Magazine, 1784, p. 353).
Gambold never had an enemy, but he made few friends. The hesitations of his career are in part to be explained by the underlying scepticism of his intellectual temperament, from which he found refuge in an anxious and reclusive piety. This appears in his poems, e.g. ‘The Mystery of Life,’ his epitaph for himself, in which occurs the line, ‘He suffered human life—and died,’ and still more in his letters. His very remarkable ‘Letter to a Studious Young Lady,’ 1737, contains a curious argument to show that any absorbing pursuits will elevate the mind equally well. In an unpublished letter (15 April 1740) to Wesley he writes: ‘I hang upon the Gospel by a mere thread, this small unaccountable inclination towards Christ.’ He draws his own picture in the character of Claudius, the Roman soldier of his drama. His verse is often striking, and never conventional; many of his hymns have become widely known.
He published: 1. ‘Christianity, Tidings of Joy,’ &c., Oxford [1741], 8vo (university sermon). 2. ‘Ἡ καινὴ διαθήκη,’ &c., Oxford, 1742, 12mo (Mill's text, Bengel's divisions; Gambold's name does not appear). 3. ‘Maxims … of Count Zinzendorf,’ &c., 1751, 8vo. 4. ‘A Modest Plea,’ &c., 1754, 8vo. 5. ‘A Collection of Hymns,’ &c., 1754, 8vo, 2 vols. (to this collection, edited by Gambold, he contributed eleven translations and twenty-eight original hymns; he had previously contributed to collections of Moravian hymns, printed in 1748, 1749, and 1752; a hymn-book for children is said to have been printed by his own hand at Lindsey House). 6. ‘The Reasonableness and Extent of Religious Reverence,’ &c., 1756, 8vo. 7. ‘A Short Summary of Christian Doctrine,’ &c., 1765, 12mo; 2nd edit. 1767, 12mo (catechism, in which the answers are entirely in the language of the Book of Common Prayer). Posthumous was 8. ‘The Martyrdom of St. Ignatius,’ &c., 1773, 8vo (written 1740; edited by Benjamin La Trobe). He assisted in editing the ‘Acta Fratrum Unitatis in Anglia,’ &c., 1749, 8vo; edited an edition of Lord Bacon's ‘Works,’ 1765, 4to, 5 vols.; revised the translation of Cranz's ‘History of Greenland,’ 1767, 8vo, 2 vols., and contributed prefaces, &c., to many Moravian publications from 1752 onward. He is said to have translated Rees Pritchard's ‘Divine Poems’ from Welsh into English. His works were first published at Bath in 1789, 8vo, with anonymous ‘Life’ by La Trobe. Thomas Erskine of Linlathen (1788–1870) [q. v.] re-edited them, Glasgow, 1822, 12mo; 2nd edit. 1823, 12mo. His ‘Poetical Works’ (not including the hymns) were published in 1816, 12mo (preface dated ‘Darlington, 17 April’).
[Life by La Trobe, 1789; Cranz's Hist. of the Brethren (trans. by La Trobe), 1780; Nichols's Anecdotes of W. Bowyer, 1782; Klinesmith's Hist. Records relative to the Moravian Church, 1831; Tyerman's Oxford Methodists, 1873; Gambold's Works; his manuscript letters among the large collection of unpublished documents formerly in the hands of Henry Moore, one of John Wesley's literary executors, now in the possession of J. J. Colman, esq., M.P.; information from Rev. S. Kershaw.]
GAMELINE (d. 1271), lord-chancellor of Scotland and bishop of St. Andrews, was one of the ‘Clerici Regis Alexandri II’ and archdeacon of St. Andrews. He was made lord-chancellor in 1250, and in 1254 was appointed one of the chaplains of Pope Innocent IV. In December 1255 he was elected to the see of St. Andrews by the prior and the convent of St. Andrews, the Culdees having been excluded from voting in the election. The appointment was confirmed by the king and council. He was consecrated the same year upon a warrant from the pope to Bishop Bondington of Glasgow. Pope Alexander IV commanded Gameline, December 1259, to prohibit King Alexander III from seizing the property of the church. This command was repeated by the same pope four years after, dated and sent to Gameline from Avignon. The bishop got into disfavour at court, and was banished from Scotland. He went to Rome to lay his case before the pope, who decided in his favour, excommunicated his adversaries, and ordered the sentence to be proclaimed throughout Scotland. A complaint was made by the pope to the king of England against the king of Scotland for encroaching upon the rights of the church
