presented Grahame to the same prebend 'for all the dayes of his lyftyme.' According to his own testimony his life was by no means prosperous. He was at different periods a traveller, a soldier, and a courtier (cf. Epistle Dedicatorie of his Anatomie of Humours to the Earl of Montrose). Sir Thomas Urquhart describes him as 'a great traveller and very good scholar ... but ... too licentious, and given over to all manner of debordings' (Jewel, p. 122); but Dempster states that in his maturer years Grahame became repentant and assumed the habit of St. Francis (Hist. Eccles. Gentis Scotorum, ed. Bannatyne Club, p. 328). He spent some time in exile on the continent, under what circumstances is unknown, and when there wrote two poems, which he afterwards called 'His Passionado, when he was in Pilgrimage' and 'From Italy to Scotland his soyle.' Before 1603 Grahame appears to have returned home and to have resumed his literary pursuits. To James VI he dedicated a little collection of poems, ornamentally printed and published at London in 1604, called 'The Passionate Sparke of a Relenting Minde,' 4to. In 1609 he published at Edinburgh 'The Anatomie of Hvmors,' a quarto of mingled prose and verse, which may have suggested to Burton the first idea of his 'Anatomy of Melancholy' (1621). Both Urquhart and Dempster represent the writings of Grahame as numerous, but these two works (reprinted by the Bannatyne Club in 1830) are alone known to be extant. Neither has much literary merit. Grahame subsequently returned to the continent and spent the last years of his life as an austere Franciscan. He died, according to Dempster, at Carpentras in 1614, while on his way to revisit Scotland.
[Grahame's Works (Bannatyne Club); Anderson's Scottish Nation, ii. 357.]
GRAILE, EDMUND (fl. 1611), poet, born at Gloucester about 1577, matriculated at Magdalen College, Oxford, 10 Feb. 1592-1593; graduated B.A. in February 1594-5, and M.A. in 1600 (Oxf. Univ. Reg. Oxf. Hist. Soc. II. ii. 194, iii. 188). He was afterwards physician of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Gloucester, and was author of 'Little Timothie, his Lesson, a Summarie relation of the Historicall part of Holy Scripture, plainely and familiarly comprized in meeter,' London, 1611, 8vo, dedicated to the president and governors of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Gloucester. Verses to Sir William Throckmorton and his wife are prefixed. 'The third impression,' with an appendix of original prayers, was issued in 1632, 8vo, and of this edition alone is there a copy in the British Museum.
[Graile's Poem, 3rd impression, 1632, 8vo.]
GRAINGER, EDWARD (1797–1824), anatomical teacher, elder son of Edward Grainger, a surgeon of Birmingham, who in 1815 published a miscellaneous volume of 'Medical and Surgical Remarks' of considerable interest, was born in Birmingham in 1797. After receiving medical instruction from his father, he entered as a student at the united hospitals (St. Thomas's and Guy's) in October 1816, and soon became noted for his diligence and success as an anatomist. He was a dresser to Sir Astley Cooper, who advised him to open an anatomical school in Birmingham after he had become a member of the Royal College of Surgeons. When Charles Aston Key [q. v.] was appointed demonstrator of anatomy by Cooper, Grainger was anxious to be made joint demonstrator with him. Failing to gain this appointment, he opened an anatomical school of his own in June 1819, at a tailor's house in St. Saviour's Churchyard, Southwark, in a large attic, which he converted into a dissecting-room. He began with thirty pupils, and was so successful that in the autumn he took a building in Webb Street, Maze Pond, close to Guy's, which had been used as a Roman catholic chapel. Grainger's school securing the favour of the resurrection men, speedily rivalled the hospital schools and drew pupils from them by its superior supply of subjects for dissection, while Grainger's zealous teaching raised its reputation. In 1821 he built a theatre in Webb Street, and was joined by Dr. John Armstrong (1784-1829) [q. v.] and Richard Phillips, a chemist [q. v.] His school grew still more notable, notwithstanding the obstacles put in the way of the students by hospital surgeons in London, especially those composing the council of the College of Surgeons (see Lancet, 18 Feb. 1865, p. 190). In 1823 he built a larger theatre, and the school had nearly three hundred pupils. Grainger's perseverance in combating opposition, added to his heavy work in the dissecting-room, injured his health, and led to his early death from consumption at his father's house in Birmingham, on 13 Jan. 1824, having not quite completed his twenty-seventh year. He was a good anatomist, clear, concise, and logical in his teaching, and was much liked by his pupils. He had scarcely entered on surgical practice, and published nothing.
[Lancet, January 1824, p. 423 (newed.), 18Feb. 1865; Gent. Mag. 1824, i. 183; J. F. Clarke's Autobiogr. Memoirs, p. 320; Felloe's Memorials of J. F. South, pp. 106-13.]
