Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 22.djvu/44

William of Malmesbury, Gesta Regum (Rolls Ser.), i. 123–4, and Gesta Pontificum (Rolls Ser.), 309–11; Roger of Hoveden (Rolls Ser.), ed. Stubbs, i. 103; Roger of Wendover's Flores Historiarum, ed. Coxe, 1841 (Engl. Hist. Soc.), i. 497; John of Brompton in Twysden's Hist. Anglic. Scriptt. Decem. 1652, p. 949; Matthew of Westminster, ed. 1601, p. 216 sq., ed. 1570, p. 423 sq.; Ralph Higden (Rolls Ser.), ed. 1879, vii. 198; Henry of Knighton (Rolls Ser.), i. 43–44; John of Peterborough, ed. Giles, 1845, p. 49; John of Tynemouth, in Percy Folio, 1868, p. 544; Walter of Coventry (Rolls Ser.), ed. Stubbs, 1872, i. 72; Kemble's Codex Diplomaticus, 1846 (Engl. Hist. Soc.), iv. 128, 168; Hist. Eccles. Eliensis, in Gale, 1691, iii. 503, cf. Liber Eliensis, ed. Stewart, 1848; Ryhen Pameach (Henry Peacham, jun.), Dialogue between the Crosse in Cheap and Charing Crosse, 1641; Dugdale's Warwickshire, 1656, p. 86 sq., ed. Thomas, 1730, p. 135 sq.; Dugdale's Baronage, 1675, i. 9 sq.; Dugdale's Monasticon, ed. Caley, Ellis, and Bandinel, 1821, iii. 1 sq., 177 sq.; Evans's Old Ballads, 1726, ii. 34; Rapin's Hist. of England, 1732, i. 135; How Coventry was made free by Godina, Countess of Chester (broadsheet ballad, from Evans), Canterbury [1780], British Museum C. 20, c. 41 (16); Pennant's Journey from Chester to London, 1782, p. 139; M. D. Conway in Harper's Monthly Mag. 1866, xxxiii. 625 sq.; Percy Folio, ed. Hales and Furnivall, 1868, iii. 473 sq.; Freeman's Hist. Norman Conquest, 1868, ii. 1871, iv.; Poole's Coventry, its Hist. and Antiq. 1870; Burgess's Historic Warwickshire [1875], p. 75 sq.; King Eadward's Charter to Coventry Monastery, ed. Birch, 1889; collections relating to Lady Godiva, in Free Public Library, Coventry; extracts from manuscript city annals, Coventry, per W. G. Fretton, F.S.A; extracts from the manuscript Liber Eliensis in the cathedral library, Ely, per the Rev. J. H. Crosby.]

A. G.

GODKIN, JAMES (1806–1879), writer on Ireland, was born at Gorey, co. Wexford, in 1806. Ordained pastor of a dissenting congregation at Armagh in 1834, he afterwards became a general missionary to Roman catholics, in connection with the Irish Evangelical Society, and in 1836 issued ‘A Guide from the Church of Rome to the Church of Christ.’ In 1842 he published ‘The Touchstone of Orthodoxy’ and ‘Apostolic Christianity, or the People's Antidote against Puseyism and Romanism.’ Having written a prize essay on federalism in 1845 (‘The Rights of Ireland’), Godkin's connection with the Irish Evangelical Society ceased, and he turned his attention to journalism. Proceeding to London in 1847, he became a leader writer for provincial journals, Irish and Scotch, and a contributor to reviews and magazines. He published in 1848 ‘The Church Principles of the New Testament.’ Returning to Ireland in 1849, Godkin established in Belfast the ‘Christian Patriot.’ He afterwards became editor of the ‘Derry Standard,’ and then, removing to Dublin, he for several years held the chief editorial post on the ‘Daily Express.’ While engaged on this paper he acted as Dublin correspondent for the London ‘Times.’ For thirty years Godkin was a close student of every phase of the Irish question. In 1850 he was an active member of the Irish Tenant League.

Some of Godkin's writings on ecclesiastical and land questions had a large influence. Before the introduction of Mr. Gladstone's Irish legislative measures in the House of Commons Godkin published an elaborate treatise on ‘Ireland and her Churches’ (1867), advocating church equality and tenant security for the Irish people. In 1869 Godkin, as special commissioner of the ‘Irish Times,’ traversed the greater part of Ulster and portions of the south of Ireland in order to ascertain the feelings of the farmers and the working classes on the land question. The result of these investigations appeared in his work, ‘The Land War in Ireland’ (1870). In 1871 Godkin wrote, in conjunction with John A. Walker, ‘The New Handbook of Ireland,’ and in 1873 he published his ‘Religious History of Ireland; Primitive, Papal, and Protestant.’ He was also the author of ‘Religion and Education in India,’ and an ‘Illustrated History of England from 1820 to the Death of the Prince Consort.’ On the recommendation of Mr. Gladstone Queen Victoria conferred a pension on Godkin in 1873 for his literary services. He died in 1879.

[Read's Cabinet of Irish Literature; Ward's Men of the Reign; Godkin's Works.]

G. B. S.

GODLEY, JOHN ROBERT (1814–1861), politician, eldest son of John Godley of Killegar, co. Leitrim, was born in 1814. He was educated at Harrow, and at Christ Church, Oxford, where he proceeded B.A. 27 Oct. 1836. He was afterwards called to the English bar, but practised little, if at all. He travelled a good deal. ‘Letters from America’ (2 vols. 1844) described the impressions produced on him by a visit to that country. He early turned his attention to colonisation, proposing to partially relieve the distress which the impending Irish famine was soon to bring on, by the emigration of one million of the population to Canada. The means were to be provided by Ireland. The ministry rejected the plan. Godley acted as magistrate, grand juror, and poor law guardian in his native county, for which he stood in the tory interest, but unsuccessfully, in 1847. Godley now became intimate with Edward Gibbon Wakefield, in whose ‘Theory of Colonisation’