where he held the office of crown prosecutor, until 1846, when he went to South Australia. In 1851 he was appointed by Sir Henry Young, the governor, advocate-general, and became an ex-officio member of the legislature. He was the chief legal adviser of the government from 1851 to 1856, and among other important measures introduced the first Education Act, and the District Councils' Act of 1852. Hanson took a prominent part in the struggle to secure constitutional government for the colony, and drafted the act under which it was granted in 1856. On 24 Oct. of that year he was made attorney-general in Boyle T. Finniss's ministry, the earliest to hold office in the colony, which lasted ten months; and from 30 Sept. 1857 to 9 May 1860 he was attorney-general and the leader of the government. During Hanson's administration the Torrens' Act, which established a system of land registration, was passed. In November 1861 he was appointed chief justice of the supreme court of South Australia, with a salary of 1,500l. a year. On 9 July 1869 he was knighted by the queen at Windsor Castle. After his return to the colony he was for a time acting governor of the colony, and on the foundation of the Adelaide University, in 1874, he became the first chancellor of that institution. He died in Australia on 4 March 1876.
He was the author of the following works: 1. 'Law in Nature, and other Papers read before the Adelaide Philosophical Society,' 1865. 2. 'The Jesus of History,' 1869. 3.'Letters to and from Home,' 1869; purports to be a translation of letters written in A.B. 61-3. 4. 'The Apostle Paul and the Preaching of Christianity in the Primitive Church,' 1875.
[Information kindly supplied by Mr. Eustace B. Grundy of Adelaide, South Australia; Illustrated London News, 31 July 1869, p. 117, with portrait; Men of the Time, 1875, p. 506; South Australian Register, 25 March 1876; Greville Memoirs, second ser. i. 162-3; Melbourne Review, 1879, vol. i. article by Miss C. H. Spence.]
HANWAY, JONAS (1712–1786), traveller and philanthropist, was born on 12 Aug. 1712 at Portsmouth, where his father, Thomas Hanway, was for some years agent victualler for the navy. His father being killed by an accident, his mother removed with her children to London, where Jonas was sent to school. At the age of seventeen he was apprenticed to a merchant at Lisbon. On the expiration of his apprenticeship he set up in business there for a short time, but afterwards returned to London, and in February 1743 accepted a partnership in the house of Mr. Dingley, a merchant at St. Petersburg. Here Hanway became acquainted with the Caspian trade, and offered his services to go into Persia with a caravan of woollen goods. He left St. Petersburg on 10 Sept. 1743, and reaching Zaritzen, on the banks of the Volga, on 9 Oct., travelled down the river to Yerkie, where he embarked on a British ship, and arrived at Astrabad Bay on 18 Dec. While at Astrabad a rebellion broke out in the province, the city was taken by Mahommed Hassan Bey, and Hanway's caravan plundered. Leaving Astrabad on 24 Jan., after undergoing many privations, he arrived on 20 March at the camp of the Shah Nadir, who ordered the restitution of his goods. Returning to Astrabad, where the rebellion had been quelled by the shah's general, Behbud Khan, he ultimately obtained in goods and money some 85 per cent, of the original value of his caravan. On his return voyage along the southern coast of the Caspian Sea his ship was attacked by pirates. At Reshd he fell ill with fever, and at Yerkie was detained in quarantine for six weeks on the island of Caraza. Leaving Astrachan on 22 Nov. he travelled by land on the western side of the Volga to Zaritzen, and passing again through Moscow reached St. Petersburg on 1 Jan. 1745, where he learnt of the death of a relation, from which he 'reaped certain pecuniary advantages, much exceeding any he could expect from his engagement in the Caspian affairs' (Pugh, edition of 1798, p. 70). On 9 July 1750 Hanway left St. Petersburg, and after travelling through Germany and Holland landed at Harwich on 28 Oct. 1750. Hanway now took up his residence in London, and busied himself in preparing an account of his travels for the press, the first edition of which cost him 700l., and was published in January 1753. With the exception of two visits abroad Hanway spent the rest of his life in England. His first appearance in public controversy was on the question of the naturalisation of the Jews, which he opposed with much vigour. He became untiring in his advocacy of all kinds of useful and philanthropic schemes. In 1754 he urged the necessity of improving the state of the highways of the metropolis. In 1756, with Fowler, Walker, and Sir John Fielding, he founded the Marine Society, for the purpose of keeping up a supply of seamen for the navy, and so successful were its operations that in 1762, only six years after its commencement, no less than 5,451 boys and 4,787 landsmen volunteers had been fitted out by the society. In 1758 he became a governor of the Foundling- Hospital, and was ultimately successful in his endeavours to remodel the system of indiscriminate relief which was then in vogue.
